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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 226 - 250 of 3873

A Boolean Approach to Modeling Logical Constraints

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
L I. Schultz
This paper presents a method that uses Boolean logic to model complex logical constraints in a zero-one integer programming optimization. The article examines how the problem of inding a least-cost plan of compliance with building fire codes can be modeled

A Comparison of Quality of Dispersion of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Using Different Surfactants and Biomolecules

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, R Haggenmueller, Sameer Rahatekar, Jeffrey Fagan, Jae H. Chun, Matthew Becker, Rajesh R. Naik, Todd Krauss, Lisa Carlson, Shana O. Kelley, Paul C. Trulove, D M. Fox, John Kadla
The application of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in current and future applications crucially depends on the ability to process SWCNT in a solvent to yield high quality dispersions characterized by individual SWCNTs and possessing a minimum of SWCNT

A Direct Error Measure for Affine Models of Nonlinear Algebraic Systems

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
D M. Lorenzetti
This paper proposes a measure of the deviation between a nonlinear equation and its affine model, and demonstrates applications to nonlinear systems. The measure expresses the model error relative to a representative change in its predicted value

A Performance-Based Analysis of a Hotel Building Using Two Egress Models

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, James A. Milke
This report compares results from similar egress models based on documented evacuation movement data. When EXIT89 and Simulex1 are used to 1) simulate the same design scenarios and 2) perform a bounding analysis of the hotel building, differences in egress

A Simple Model of Fireball Dynamics

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Howard R. Baum, Ronald G. Rehm
An analytical model of the initial expansion of a fireball is presented.The model is based on an exact solution of the low Mach number combustion equations in the form initially proposed by the authors. The equations consist of the conservation of mass

A Simple Model of the WTC Fireball Dynamics

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Howard R. Baum, Ronald G. Rehm
An analytical model of the initial expansion of a fireball is presented.The model is based on an exact solution of the low Mach number combustion equations in the form initially proposed by the authors. The equations consist of the conservation of mass

A Technical Guide for Smokeview Version 5

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Glenn P. Forney
Smokeview is a software tool designed to visualize numerical calculations generated by the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire-driven fluid flow. This report documents some of the technical details and

Advances in Thermal Imaging Technology in the First Responder Arena

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Francine K. Amon, Nelson P. Bryner
The Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been conducting research that will provide a quantifiable physical and scientific basis upon which industry standards for imaging performance

Aerodynamic Damping in the Along-Wind Response of a Tall Building

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Rene D. Gabbai, Emil Simiu
We present an estimate of the aerodynamic damping that affects the along-wind response of an isolated tall building in suburban terrain. The evaluation uses measurements of the external pressures on the windward and leeward faces under wind normal to a

AEX XML Schema Reference Guide

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Mark E. Palmer, M Burns, T L. Teague, Mary Turton, Rurik Turton
The AEX XML Schema Reference Guide summarizes the design principles and the structures of the AEX (Automating Equipment Information eXchange) XML schemas, guidance for making schema extensions and usage guidance for those who wish to deploy the AEX schemas

Alert Categorization, Revision 1.0

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Alan B. Vinh
There are many types of sensor devices available in today s market with many still in development. These devices send signals representing the detection of entities such as temperature and smoke. With the availability of sensor devices monitoring various

Assessment of the Structural Fire Performance of Buildings

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Richard W. Bukowski
The fire-induced collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) buildings 1, 2, and 7 on 11 September 2001 demonstrated the need for engineering methods to predict the structural fire performance of buildings when subjected to arbitrary design fires and to
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