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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 976 - 1000 of 3873

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS INSIGHTS ON THE USE OF CEMENTS IN WASTE MANAGEMENT

November 7, 2010
Author(s)
David W. Esh, Jacob Philip, Kenneth A. Snyder
The use of cementitious materials has been proposed in a variety of waste management systems because these materials can have a variety of desirable performance characteristics: hydraulic isolation, chemical isolation, structural stability. Cementitious

A Review of Building Evacuation Models, 2nd Edition

November 1, 2010
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Richard D. Peacock, Bryan L. Hoskins
Evacuation calculations are increasingly becoming a part of performance-based analyses to assess the level of life safety provided in buildings. In some cases, engineers are using back-of-the-envelope (hand) calculations to assess life safety, and in

Residential Heat Pump Heating Performance with Single Faults Imposed

October 29, 2010
Author(s)
William V. Payne, Piotr A. Domanski, Seok Ho Yoon
A heat pump equipped with a thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) was tested in environmental chambers during steady-state no-fault and imposed-fault operation. The studied system was an R410A split residential heat pump with an 8.8 kW nominal cooling

Technical Study of the Sofa Super Store Fire- South Carolina, June 18, 2007 Volume I ***DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT*** (for final version, see NIST SP 1118, March 2011)

October 28, 2010
Author(s)
Nelson P. Bryner, Anthony D. Putorti Jr., Stephen P. Fuss, Bryan W. Klein
A fire occurred on the evening of June 18, 2007, in the Sofa Super Store in Charleston, SC. NIST analyzed the fire ground, consulted with other experts, and performed computer simulations of fire growth alternatives. Based on these analyses, the following

BEES Online: Life Cycle Analysis for Building Products

September 30, 2010
Author(s)
Barbara C. Lippiatt, Anne L. Greig, Priya D. Lavappa
The BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) Online web application implements a rational, systematic technique for selecting environmentally-preferred, cost-effective building products. The technique is based on consensus standards

Methodology for Calculating Construction Industry Supply Chain Statistics

September 30, 2010
Author(s)
Douglas S. Thomas
Data from the Economic Census provides detailed statistics on the construction industry; however, the data is only gathered every five years. The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides statistics on the construction industry on an annual basis, but these

FIRE PATTERN REPEATABILITY: A LABORATORY STUDY ON GYPSUM WALLBOARD

September 1, 2010
Author(s)
Daniel M. Madrzykowski, Charles Fleischmann
In 2009, the National Research Council (U.S) published a report identifying the research needs of the forensic science community. In the field of fire investigation, one of the specific needs identified was research on the natural variability of burn

Indoor Air Quality in Sustainable, Energy Efficient Buildings

August 15, 2010
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, Steven J. Emmerich
Building designers, contractors, owners and managers have long been challenged with providing quality indoor environments at a reasonable energy cost. Current efforts to improve building energy efficiency, including goals of netzero energy use, are

Infiltration of Outdoor Ultrafine Particles into a Test House

August 2, 2010
Author(s)
Dong H. Rim, Lance L. Wallace, Andrew K. Persily
Ultrafine particles (UFP) have been related to adverse human health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. However, human exposure to particles of outdoor origin is heavily dependent on their infiltration into homes, where most people

VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS ON COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS (NANOFLUIDS)FOR HEAT TRANSFER APPLICATIONS

August 2, 2010
Author(s)
Mark A. Kedzierski, David Venerus, Jacopo Buongiorno, Rebecca Christianson, Jessica Townsend, In Cheol Bang, Gang Chen, Sung Jae Chung, Minking Chyu, Haisheng Chen, Yulong Ding, F. Dubois, Grzegorz Dzido, Denis Funfschilling, Quentin Galand, Jinwei Gao, Haiping Hong, Mark Horton, Lin-wen Hu, Carlo Iorio, Andrzej Jarzebski, Yiran Jiang, Stephan Kabelac, Chongyoup Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Sukwon Kim, Thomas McKrell, Rui Ni, John Philip, Naveen Prabhat, Pengxiang Song, Stefan Van Vaerenbergh, Dongsheng Wen, Sanjeeva Witharana, Xiao-Zheng Zhao, Sheng-Qi Zhou
This article reports viscosity data on a series of colloidal dispersions collected as part of the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise (INPBE). Data are reported for seven different fluids that include dispersions of metal-oxide

Modeled Infiltration Rate Distributions for U.S. Housing

July 18, 2010
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, Amy Musser, Steven J. Emmerich
A set of 209 dwellings that represent 80 % of U.S. housing stock was used to generate frequenc distributions of residential ventilation rates. The set of homes is based on an anal sis of the 1997 U.S. Department of Energ s Residential Energ Consumption

ANALYSIS OF SEGMENT-BY-SEGMENT ? - NTU MODELLING OF A MINICHANNEL CO2 GAS COOLER

July 12, 2010
Author(s)
Santiago M. Ballester, Jose M. Corberan, Jose Gonzalvez-Macia, Piotr A. Domanski
Most of the current air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger models use the classic ε-NTU approach. These models do not account for longitudinal conduction neither in the fin nor in the tube, transverse conduction in the tube, and for the heat conduction between

Residential Heat Pump Heating Performance with Single Faults Imposed

July 11, 2010
Author(s)
Seok H. Yoon, William V. Payne, Piotr A. Domanski
A heat pump equipped with a thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) was tested in environmental chambers during steady-state no-fault and imposed-fault operation. The studied system was an R410A split residential heat pump with an 8.8 kW nominal cooling

Chemical Species and Temperature Mapping in Full Scale Underventilated Compartment Fires

July 5, 2010
Author(s)
Andrew J. Lock, Matthew F. Bundy, Erik L. Johnsson, Kelly M. Opert, Anthony P. Hamins, Cheolhong Hwang, Ki Y. Lee
Many injuries and deaths throughout the world are caused by fires each year. Many of the deaths are the result of toxic gas inhalation, such as carbon monoxide, by a victim remote from the actual fire source. In order to facilitate better building

Numerical Simulation of Polymeric Materials in UL 94 Test: Competition Between Gasification and Melt Flow / Dripping

July 5, 2010
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Florian Kempel, Bernhard Schartel, Anja Hofmann, Eugenio O?, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Riccardo Rossi, Julio M. Marti
The capability of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM, developed by CIMNE) to model the complex fire behaviour of polymers in the UL 94 scenario was investigated. For validation, a series of four PC/ABS blends were chosen, which covered different UL
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