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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 451 - 475 of 3873

Investigating Firebrand Accumulation over Various Scales

November 22, 2016
Author(s)
Samuel Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
As structures are exposed to wind, stagnation planes are produced around structures. Using full-scale experiments, the authors demonstrated that firebrands may accumulate in these stagnation planes. In a subsequent full-scale study performed by the authors

Smoldering and Flame Resistant Textiles via Conformal Barrier Formation

November 2, 2016
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Shonali Nazare, John R. Shields, Kathleen M. Hoffman, Rick D. Davis
A durable and flexible silicone-based backcoating (halogen and formaldehyde free) is applied to the backside of an otherwise smoldering-prone and flammable fabric. When exposed to fire, cyclic siloxanes (produced by thermal decomposition of the backcoating

The Structure of a Moderate-Scale Methanol Pool Fire

November 1, 2016
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Andrew Lock
A series of measurements was made to characterize the structure of a moderate-sized methanol pool fire steadily burning in a quiescent environment. Time averaged local measurements of temperature and gas species concentrations were made in a steadily

Measuring Temperature in Emission Testing Micro-chambers

October 24, 2016
Author(s)
Dustin G. Poppendieck, Edwin Guillermo, Havishk Tripathi
ASTM subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air is working to finalize WK40293: Standard Test Method for Estimating Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation Using Micro-Scale Environmental Test Chambers. One issue in WK40293 is determining

Characterization of Emissions from a Non-Ideal Spray Polyurethane Foam Sample

October 17, 2016
Author(s)
Dustin G. Poppendieck, Mengyan Gong, Lauren E. Lawson, Steven J. Emmerich
Many homeowners and government programs are using insulating products, such as SPF, at a growing rateto increase the energy efficiency of their residences and other constructed buildings. Retrofitting or addition of foam insulation in new construction is

Final Report - Characterization of Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam

October 17, 2016
Author(s)
Dustin G. Poppendieck, Andrew K. Persily, Steven J. Nabinger
This report summarizes NIST activities under the FY2013 interagency agreement between the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The objective of that agreement is to develop testing and

Lessons Learned from Spray Polyurethane Foam Emission Testing using Micro-chambers

October 16, 2016
Author(s)
Dustin Poppendieck, Mengyan Gong, Lauren E. Lawson
Both governmental agencies and the SPF industry consortium have sought more information on potential chemical emissions from SPF to better understand any potential occupant exposures and health impacts. This research was designed to contribute to the

Net-Zero Energy Residential Building Component Cost Estimates and Comparisons

October 4, 2016
Author(s)
Joshua D. Kneifel, Eric G. O'Rear
Homeowners and builders have increasingly strived to build low energy homes. As building materials, equipment, and methods have improved and renewable energy systems have become commonplace, the goal of net-zero energy homes has become technologically

Extinguishment and Enhancement of Propane Cup-Burner Flames by Halon and Alternative Agents

September 20, 2016
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Fumiaki Takahashi, Viswanath R. Katta, Valeri I. Babushok
Computations of cup-burner flames in normal gravity have been performed to reveal the combustion inhibition and enhancement by the CF3Br (halon 1301) and potential alternative fire-extinguishing agents (C2HF5, C2HF3Cl2, and C3H2F3Br). The time-dependent

Gas-Phase Interactions of Phosphorus Containing Compounds with Cup-Burner Diffusion Flames

September 20, 2016
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Fumiaki Takahashi, Viswanath R. Katta, Valeri I. Babushok
The effects of phosphorus-containing compounds (PCC) on the extinguishment and structure of methane-air coflow diffusion flames, in the cup-burner configuration, have been studied computationally. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), trimethyl phosphate (TMP

NIST Programs to Advance Accurate, Internationally-Recognized Stack Emissions Measurements

September 15, 2016
Author(s)
Aaron Johnson, Iosif Isaakovich Shinder, Rodney A. Bryant, JohnPaul R. Abbott, Keith A. Gillis, Joey Boyd, James Filla, Michael R. Moldover
Accurate flow measurements are essential to quantify the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other pollutants emitted from power plant stacks. Although protocols have been developed, the uncertainty of stack flow measurements has not been documented. 

Characterizing Indoor Air Quality Performance Using a Graphical Approach

September 14, 2016
Author(s)
Kevin Y. Teichman, Andrew Persily, Steven Emmerich
In this paper, we describe and demonstrate an approach to illustrate the performance of buildings with respect to indoor air quality (IAQ). In the absence of an adequate or agreed-upon IAQ metric(s), we describe a graphical approach to presenting IAQ
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