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Bioscience

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Displaying 226 - 250 of 1250

Towards Quantitative and Standardized Serological and Neutralization Assays for COVID-19

March 8, 2021
Author(s)
Linhua Tian, Elzafir B. Elsheikh, Paul Patrone, Anthony Kearsley, adolfas Gaigalas, Sarah L. Inwood, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Dominic Esposito, Lili Wang
Quantitative and robust serology assays are critical measurements underpinning global COVID-19 response to diagnostic, surveillance, and vaccine development. Here, we report a proof-of-concept approach for the development of quantitative, multiplexed flow

Single-cell measurement of plasmid copy number and promoter activity

March 5, 2021
Author(s)
Bin Shao, Jayan Rammohan, Daniel Anderson, Nina Alperovich, David J. Ross, Christopher Voigt
We have developed a method to simultaneously count plasmid DNA, RNA transcripts, and protein expression in single living bacteria. From these data, the activity of a promoter in units of RNAP/s can be inferred. This work facilitates the reporting of

Report of the 2019 NIST-FDA Workshop on Standards for Next Generation Sequencing Detection of Viral Adventitious Agents in Biologics and Biomanufacturing

February 22, 2021
Author(s)
Megan Cleveland, Bharathi Anekella, Mike Brewer, Pei-Ju Chin, Heather Couch, Eric Delwart, Jim Huggett, Scott Jackson, Javier Martin, Serge Monpoeho, Tom Morrison, Siemon Ng, David Ussery, Arifa Khan
Adventitious virus testing assures product safety by demonstrating the absence of viruses that may have been unintentionally introduced during the manufacturing process. The capabilities of next-generation or high-throughput sequencing (NGS/HTS) for broad

Conformational Changes of Immobilized Polythymine due to External Stressors Studied with Temperature-Controlled Electrochemical Microdevices

February 17, 2021
Author(s)
Ramya Vishnubhotla, Sarah Robinson, Jon R. Askim, Christopher B. Montgomery, Kristen L. Steffens, Herman O. Sintim, Stephen Semancik
Conformational changes of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) play an important role in a DNA strand's ability to bind to target ligands. A variety of factors can influence conformation, including temperature, ionic strength, pH, buffer cation valency, strand

National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan 2020

February 9, 2021
Author(s)
Heather Evans, Kristen K. Greene, William M. Healy, Elizabeth Hoffman, Kate Rimmer, Anna V. Sberegaeva, Neil M. Zimmerman
The 2020 National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan provides an analysis of key external factors that could impact NIST and the fulfillment of its mission in coming years. The analyses were conducted through four separate lenses

END TO END COLLABORATION TO TRANSFORM BIOPHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT & MANUFACTURING

January 22, 2021
Author(s)
John Erickson, Jeffrey Baker, Shawn Barrett, Ciaran Brady, Mark Brower, Ruben Carbonell, Tim Charlebois, Jon Coffman, Lisa Connell-Crowley, Michael Coolbaugh, Eric Fallon, Eric Garr, Christopher Gillespie, Roger Hart, Allison Haug, Gregg Nyberg, Michael Phillips, David Pollard, Maen Qadan, Irina Ramos, Kelley Rogers, Gene Schaefer, Jason Walther, Kelvin Lee
An ambitious ten-year collaborative program is described to invent, design, demonstrate and support commercialization of integrated biopharmaceutical manufacturing technology that will transform the industry. This capability will enable improved control

Accelerating Innovation and Commercialization Through Standardization of Microfluidic-Based Medical Devices

January 5, 2021
Author(s)
Darwin R. Reyes-Hernandez, Henne van Heeren, Suvajyoti Guha, Luke Herbertson, Alexios P. Tzannis, Jens Ducr?e, Hugo Bissig, Holger Becker
The microfluidics industry has grown steadily over the last 5 years worldwide, with the market for microfluidic medical devices experiencing a compound growth rate of 18%. The number of submissions to regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food & Drug

Introduction and Clinical Validation of Metrology Standards for Immunohistochemistry

December 21, 2020
Author(s)
Emina E. Torlakovic, Seshi Sompuram, Vani Kodela, Anika Schaedle, Paul DeRose, Steve Bogen, Lili Wang
Despite the widespread integration of immunohistochemistry (IHC) into routine surgical pathology, its use suffers from significant inter-laboratory disparities. The root cause and an unsolved technical challenge is the lack of metrology standards, the

Chromosome-scale, haplotype-resolved assembly of human genomes

December 7, 2020
Author(s)
Justin Zook, Shilpa Garg, Heng Li
Haplotype-resolved or phased genome assembly provides a complete picture of genomes and their complex genetic variations. However, current algorithms for phased assembly either do not generate chromosome-scale phasing or require pedigree information, which

Crystal Structure of a Bivalent Antibody Fab Fragment

November 11, 2020
Author(s)
Salman Shahid, Mingming Gao, David Gallagher, Steven Foung, Zhen-Yong Keck, Thomas Fuerst, Roy Mariuzza
We determined the crystal structure to 1.8 Å resolution of the Fab fragment of an affinity- matured human monoclonal antibody (HC84.26.5D) that recognizes the E2 envelope glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Unlike conventional Fabs, which are

Conformational gating, dynamics and allostery in human monoacylglycerol lipase

October 28, 2020
Author(s)
Sergiy Tyukhtenko, Girija Rajarshi, Ioannis Karageorgos, Nikolai Zvonok, Kiran Vemuri, Jeffrey W. Hudgens, Xiaoyu Ma, Mahmoud L. Nasr, Alexandros Makriyannis, Kyle Anderson, Jason J. Guo, Gerhard Wagner
Inhibition of human Monoacylglycerol Lipase (hMGL) offers a novel approach for treating neurological diseases. The design of inhibitors, targeting active-inactive conformational transitions of the enzyme, can be aided by understanding the interplay between

A NIST-Hosted Virtual Workshop on Measuring SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater and Fecal Material: A Call for Standards

September 28, 2020
Author(s)
Sandra M. Da Silva, Paulina K. Piotrowski, Christina M. Jones, Stephanie L. Servetas, Nancy J. Lin, Katrice A. Lippa, Scott A. Jackson
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has leveraged its expertise in chemical and biological metrology and standards development as well as its strong relationships with stakeholders to host a virtual workshop on June 16, 2020 that

Towards defining reference materials for extracellular vesicle size, concentration, refractive index and epitope abundance

September 24, 2020
Author(s)
Joshua Welsh, Edwin van der Pol, Britta Bettin, David Carter, An Hendrix, Metka Lenassi, Marc-Andre Langlois, Alicia Liorente, Arthur van de Nes, Rienk Nieuwland, Vera Tang, Kenneth Witwer, Jennifer Jones, Lili Wang
Accurate characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is critical to explore their diagnostic and therapeutic applications. As the EV research field has developed, so too have the techniques used to characterize them. The development of reference

A Diploid Assembly-based Benchmark for Variants in The Major Histocompatibility Complex

September 22, 2020
Author(s)
Justin M. Zook, Justin M. Wagner, Chen-Shan Chin, Qiandong Zeng, Alexander Dilthey, Tobias Marschall, Mikko Rautiainen, Erik Garrison, Shilpa Garg
Most human genomes are characterized by aligning individual reads to the reference genome, but accurate long reads and linked reads now enable us to construct accurate, phased de novo assemblies. We focus on a medically important, highly variable, 5

Lymphatic Vessel on a Chip with Capability for Exposure to Cyclic Fluidic Flow

September 7, 2020
Author(s)
Parinaz Fathi, Glenn E. Holland, Dipanjan Pan, Mandy B. Esch
Lymph nodes comprise a complex organ system that is essential in regulating the development of host immune responses. Due to the complexity of lymph nodes and the lack of animal models that can accurately replicate the lymphatic functionality of humans

An accurate and rapid single step protocol for enumeration of cytokine positive T lymphocytes

September 2, 2020
Author(s)
Deepa Rajagopal, Linhua Tian, Shiqiu Xiong, Hao-Wei Wang, Jonathan Campbell, Luisa Saraiva, S Vessillier
Activation of T lymphocytes leads to differentiation, characterized by the ability to induce production of cytokines. Accurate determination of cellular subsets that secrete particular cytokine(s) is therefore, a significant parameter for functional

Niche partitioning of microbial communities at an ancient vitrified hillfort: implications for vitrified radioactive waste disposal

August 30, 2020
Author(s)
Andrew Plymale, Jacqueline Wells, Carolyn Pearce, Colin Brislawn, Emily Graham, Tanya Cheeke, Jessica Allen, Sarah Fansler, Bruce Arey, Mark Bowden, Danielle Saunders, Vincent Danna, Kimberly Tyrrell, Jamie Weaver, Rolf Sjoblom, Rick L. Paul, John McCloy, Eva Hjarthner-Holdar, Mia Englund, Erik Ogenhall, David Peeler, Albert Kruger
A pre-Viking era vitrified hillfort, Broborg, provides a habitat analogue for disposed radioactive waste glass and shows strong niche partitioning among the organisms involved in glass alteration. Microbes cannot be eliminated from radioactive waste

Tissue Engineering Measurands

August 26, 2020
Author(s)
Greta Babakhanova, Carl Simon, Deepika Arora
A measurand is defined as the quantity that one intends to measure. As tissue engineering research translates into medical products, companies must prepare regulatory filings that contain many different types of measurement data that are collected about
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