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Bioscience

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Displaying 176 - 200 of 1261

The Structure of Lipids and Keratin in Adhesive Gecko Setae Determined by NEXAFS Imaging

March 1, 2022
Author(s)
Daniel Fischer, Cherno Jaye, Katinka R. Holler, Mette H. Rasmussen, Joe E. Baio, Stanislav N. Gorb, Tobias Weidner
Geckos have the astonishing ability to climb on vertical surfaces due to the adhesive properties of fibrous setae at the tips of their toe pads. While the adhesion mechanism principle, based on van-der-Waals interactions of myriads of spatula located at

Curated variation benchmarks for challenging medically relevant autosomal genes

February 7, 2022
Author(s)
Justin Wagner, Nathanael David Olson, Lindsay Harris, Jennifer McDaniel, Fritz Sedlazeck, Chen-Shan Chin, Justin Zook
The repetitive nature and complexity of some medically relevant genes poses a challenge for their accurate analysis in a clinical setting. The Genome in a Bottle Consortium has provided variant benchmark sets, but these exclude nearly 400 medically

Bioinspired Wear-Resistant and Ultra-Durable Functional Gradient Coatings

January 28, 2022
Author(s)
Zhengzhi Wang, Kun Wang, Houbing Huang, Xiao Cui, Zuoqi Zhang, Martin Chiang
For mechanically protective coatings, the coating material usually requires sufficient stiffness and strength to resist external forces and meanwhile matched mechanical properties with the underneath substrate to maintain the structural integrity. These

Gut Microbe-Targeted Choline Trimethylamine Lyase Inhibition Improves Obesity Via Rewiring of Host Circadian Rhythms

January 24, 2022
Author(s)
Rebecca Schugar, Christy Gliniak, Lucas Osborn, William Massey, Naseer Sangwan, Anthony Horak, Rakhee Banerjee, Danny Orabi, Robert Helsley, Amanda Brown, Amy Burrows, Chelsea Finney, Kevin Fung, Frederick Allen, Daniel Ferguson, Anthony Gromovsky, Chase Neumann, Kendall Cook, Amy McMillan, Jennifer Buffa, James Anderson, Margarete Mehrabian, Maryam Goudarzi, Belinda Willard, Tytus Mak, Andrew Armstrong, Garth Swanson, Ali Keshavarzian, Jose Carlos Garcia-Garcia, Zeneng Wang, Aldons Lusis, Stanley Hazen, Mark Brown
Obesity has repeatedly been linked to reorganization of the gut microbiome, yet to this point obesity therapeutics have been targeted exclusively toward the human host. Here we show that gut microbe-targeted inhibition of the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)

RNA reference materials with defined viral RNA loads of SARS-CoV-2 - A useful tool towards a better PCR assay harmonization

January 20, 2022
Author(s)
Laura Vierbaum, Nathalie Wojtalewicz, Vanessa Lindig, Ulf Duhring, Hans-Peter Grunert, Christian Drosten, Victor Corman, Daniela Niemeyer, Sandra Ciesek, Holger Rabenau, Annemarie Berger, Martin Obermeier, Andreas Nitsche, Janine Michel, Martin Mielke, Jim Huggett, Denise O'Sullivan, Simon Cowen, Megan Cleveland, Peter Vallone, Samreen Falak, Andreas Kummrow, Thomas Keller, Ingo Schellenberg, Heinz Zeichhardt, Martin Kammel
The outbreak and pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), led to the need for a reliable detection method to track the circulation of this virus. After introducing PCR methods for genome detection of SARS-CoV-2

Quantitative Determination of Cell Viability Using Absorbance Microscopy

January 19, 2022
Author(s)
Greta Babakhanova, Stephen Zimmerman, Laura Pierce, Sumona Sarkar, Nicholas Schaub, Carl Simon Jr.
Cell viability is an essential measurement for cell therapy products. One of the most common tests is Trypan blue (TB) dye exclusion where blue-stained cells are counted via imaging. Typically, live and dead cells are counted based on pixel intensities of

AbsorbanceQ: An App for Generating Absorbance Images from Brightfield Images

January 4, 2022
Author(s)
Stephen Zimmerman, Carl Simon Jr., Greta Babakhanova
The AbsorbanceQ app converts brightfield microscope images into absorbance images that can be analyzed and compared across different operators, microscopes and time. Absorbance-based measurements are comparable, which is useful when the aim is to

Highly conserved s2m element of SARS-CoV-2 dimerizes via a kissing complex and interacts with host miRNA-1307-3p

December 1, 2021
Author(s)
Joshua A. Imperatore, Caylee L. Cunningham, Kendy A. Pellegrene, Robert Brinson, John Marino, Jeffery D. Evanseck, Mihaela R. Mihailescu
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlights the necessity for a more fundamental understanding of the coronavirus life cycle. The causative agent of the disease, SARS-CoV-2, is being studied extensively from a structural standpoint in order to gain insight

The science of the host-virus network

November 24, 2021
Author(s)
Gregory Albery, Daniel J. Becker, Liam Brierley, Cara Brook, Rebecca Christofferson, Lily Cohen, Tad Dallas, Evan Eskew, Anna Fagre, Maxwell Farrell, Emma Glennon, Sarah Guth, Maxwell Joseph, Nardus Mollentze, Ben Neely, Timothee Poisot, Angela Rasmussen, Sadie Ryan, Anna Siodin, Stephanie Seifert, Erin Sorrell, Colin Carlson
Better methods to predict and prevent the emergence of zoonotic viruses could support future efforts to reduce the risk of epidemics. We propose a network science framework for understanding and predicting human and animal susceptibility to viral

Liver proteome response to torpor in a basoendothermic mammal, Tenrec ecaudatus, provides insights into the evolution of homeothermy

October 6, 2021
Author(s)
Jane Khudyakov, Michael Treat, Mikayla Shanafelt, Jared Deyarmin, Ben Neely, Frank van Breukelen
Many mammals use adaptive heterothermy (e.g., torpor, hibernation) to reduce metabolic demands of maintaining high body temperature (Tb). Torpor is typically characterized by coordinated declines in Tb and metabolic rate (MR) followed by active rewarming

Characteristics to Consider when Selecting a Positive Control Material for an In Vitro Assay

September 29, 2021
Author(s)
Elijah Petersen, Andrew Nguyen, Jeffrey Brown, John T. Elliott, Amy Clippinger, John Gordon, Nicole Kleinstreuer, Matthias Roesslein
The use of in vitro assays to inform decision-making requires robust and reproducible results across studies, laboratories, and time. Experiments using positive control materials are an integral component of an assay procedure to demonstrate the extent to

Resources for developing reliable and reproducible in vitro test methods

September 29, 2021
Author(s)
Elijah Petersen, Vytas Reipa, Menghang Xia, Monita Sharma
A broad range of in vitro test methods have been developed given their numerous potential advantages over in vivo tests. We describe here key resources and tools to increase the reliability and reproducibility of in vitro test methods.

Use of cause-and-effect analysis to optimize the reliability of in vitro inhalation toxicity measurements using an air-liquid interface

September 29, 2021
Author(s)
Elijah Petersen, Monita Sharma, Amy Clippinger, John Gordon, Aaron Katz, Peter Laux, Lars Leibrock, Andreas Luch, Joanna Matheson, Andreas Stucki, Jutta Tentschert, Frank Bierkandt
In vitro inhalation toxicology methods are increasingly being used for research and regulatory purposes. While the opportunity for increased human relevance of in vitro inhalation methods compared to in vivo tests has been established and discussed, how to

Quantitative Craniofacial Analysis and Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Muenke Syndrome: A Case Report

September 22, 2021
Author(s)
Fahad Kidwai, Byron Mui, Konstantinia Almpani, Priyam Jani, Cyrus Keyvanfar, Kulsum Iqbal, Sriram Paravastu, Deepika Arora, Pamela Orzechowski, Randall Merling, Barbara Mallon, Jeremiah Woodcock, Vamsee Myneni, Moaz Ahmad, Paul Kruszka, Maximilian Muenke, Pamela Robey, Janice Lee
In this case report, we focus on Muenke syndrome (MS), a disease caused by the p.Pro250Arg variant in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and characterized by uni- or bilateral coronal suture synostosis, macrocephaly without craniosynostosis
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