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Physical Measurement Laboratory

Radiation Physics Division

Projects/Programs

Displaying 76 - 100 of 119
NIF

Imaging: Advanced Neutron Imaging Facility

Ongoing
Available as a national user facility since 2006, the NIST Neutron Imaging Facility provides users with a unique “plug and play” approach to imaging operating fuel cells and electrolyzers. In 2016, the NIST-NeXT system was first installed, allowing simultaneous neutron/X-ray tomography of complex
measurement results

Imaging: Characterization of Porous Transport Media for Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Completed
Accurate, in situ characterization of the physical properties of a porous transport layer (PTL) – porosity distribution, liquid saturation as a function of pressure, liquid and gas permeability, thermal conductivity – is critical to improving the understanding, and hence manipulation, of the water
LiNMC battery

Imaging: CREB

Ongoing
The NIST Neutron Imaging Facility (NNIF) has developed an in situ simultaneous Neutron and X-ray Tomography (NeXT) capability that allows for 3D imaging of batteries and other objects [1-3]. Neutrons are complementary to X-rays and when combined allow one to segment and identify features to non
timeline of neutron detector image spatial resolution

Imaging: Evolution of Neutron Image Detector Spatial Resolution

Completed
Neutron imaging has yielded valuable insight into the water content of fuel cells because minimal changes to a test section are needed. A limit of neutron imaging is the achievable spatial resolution, which is primarily dominated by the detector. Figure 1 shows the evolution of the spatial
Bragg-Edge Imaging

Imaging: Improving Lead Battery Efficiency with Neutron Imaging

Completed
Scientists will be joining forces with NIST from INMA (Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón) and Exide Technologies, a global battery company through one of its R&D centers based near Madrid. They will study the fundamental processes that govern recharge efficiency and battery electrode
automotive fuel cell test section

Imaging: M2FCT - The Million-Mile Fuel Cell Truck Consortium

Ongoing
True in operando imaging of PEMFCs to observe and quantify water transport phenomena is only possible with neutrons. NIST, in partnership with General Motors and support of the EERE has developed a world-class facility for in operando neutron imaging of fuel cells for light duty vehicles. Upgrades
Neutron Imaging of Lithium and Alkaline Batteries

Imaging: Neutron Imaging of Lithium and Alkaline Batteries

Completed
This is due to the high sensitivity of neutrons to hydrogen, while having relatively small sensitivity to many common materials of construction such as aluminum and carbon. Neutron imaging can play a similar role in advanced battery development by providing in situ measurements of hydrogen or

Imaging: Neutron Tomography of Hydrogen Storage Bed

Completed
While many techniques exist to measure the volume average of the hydrogen uptake, to date no method exists that can measure the full three-dimensional hydrogen distribution within the storage vessel. In order to address this shortcoming, a prototype hydrogen storage bed has been studied using
die-cast toy

Imaging: The Neutron and X-ray Tomography (NeXT) System

Ongoing
Neutrons and X-rays are complementary, nondestructive, penetrating probes of matter. X-rays interact with the electron cloud of atoms and therefore sees increasing attenuation with atomic number while neutrons interact with the nuclei resulting in a very scattered pattern with atomic number. The
prototype optic

Imaging: Toward a Neutron Microscope

Ongoing
The NIST Neutron Microscope The NIST neutron microscope based Wolter optics represents a complete change in the way neutron imaging will be conducted, as the time and spatial resolution achievable with this instrument will approach that early generation X-ray synchrotron beamlines. A collaboration
X-ray Imaging

Industrial: Enhanced X-Ray Imaging

Ongoing
A variety of in-house x-ray sources and detector technologies invite efforts to optimize traditional image quality metrics and the use of algorithms and methods to extract the maximum amount of information available. These results are used to inform x-ray standards development and will drive the
error coding

Interferometry: Quantum Error Coding in a 4-Blade Neutron Interferometer

Completed
Single crystal neutron interferometers are extremely sensitive to environmental noise, including vibrations. This sensitivity is a result of slow neutron velocity and the long measurement times. Most neutron interferometers require vibration isolation. Usually, massive systems are employed to damp
cryostat

Interferometry: Studying Quantum Materials using Neutron Interferometry

Ongoing
Neutron interferometry using perfect-silicon single crystals is a precision measurement technique that combines the neutron’s unique quantum nature with the neutron’s diverse set of interactions. Interferometry has traditionally been used in fundamental physics applications. However, there is
skyrmions

Interferometry: Three-Dimensional Visualization of Magnetic Skyrmions

Ongoing
Magnetic Skyrmions are localized regions in a material where the atomic spins exhibit a defect swirling pattern (topological change equal to one). Skyrmions are unique because they behave like tiny, stable particles and require only ultralow current densities to manipulate. This makes them ideal
Figure with the word “isotope” and related icons superimposed on a photograph of a man pointing to the figure.

Isotope Metrology

Ongoing
The application of isotope measurements drives advances in an enormous number of fields and stakeholder engagements, including federal and state government agencies, academia, and private industry including the medical industry. The objective of the NIST Isotope Metrology Program is to address the
Alanine/EPR

Medical (Archive): Small-field Therapy Dosimetry Studies Using Alanine/EPR

Completed
Developments in radiotherapy have significantly increased the use of small fields in stereotactic procedures and IMRT fields composed of small fields. Ionization chambers are not always suitable where situations of high dose gradients, time-dose variance, and non-uniform beam distributions are

Medical (Archive): Workshop for Radiobiology Dosimetry Standardization

Completed
Workshop Agenda with Presentations RADIATION DOSE IS MORE THAN A NUMBER! National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD Green Auditorium September 15 and 16, 2011 THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2011 Welcome and Introduction Lisa Karam, NIST Bert Maidment, NIAID Norm