Internal Curing of Concrete

Bibliography

Web Sites

https://concrete.nist.gov/lwagg.html  (Menu for Internal Curing with Lightweight Aggregates)

http://cce.oregonstate.edu/internalcuring (Oregon State University Internal Curing web site)

https://www.escsi.org/internal-curing/ (ESCSI Internal Curing Overview web site)

ACI Reports

ACI (308-213) R-13. Report on Internally Cured Concrete Using Prewetted Absorptive Lightweight Aggregate. American Concrete Institute Committee 308, Farmington Hills, MI, 2013.

Specifications

ASTM C1761/C1761M-17. Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregate for Internal Curing of Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.

Weiss, W.J., and Montanari, L., Guide Specification for Internally Curing Concrete, National Concrete Pavement Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 40 pp., Nov. 2017.

Northeast Solite Corporation, Internal Curing Specification, available at: http://nesolite.com/internal-curing-specifications/

NYSDOT. Specification 584.3101--18. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Transportation, 2010.

Books

Self-Desiccation and Its Importance in Concrete Technology, Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar, Eds. B. Persson, D.P. Bentz, and L.-O. Nilsson, Lund University, 2005.

Internal Curing of Concrete, RILEM Report 41, Ed. K. Kovler and O.M. Jensen, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., 2007.

Internal Curing of High-Performance Concretes: Laboratory and Field Experience, ACI SP-256: , Eds. D. Bentz and B. Mohr, American Concrete Institute, CD-ROM, 2008.

Application of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) in Concrete Construction – State-of-the-Art Report Prepared by Technical Committee 225-SAP, RILEM, Eds. V. Mechtcherine and H.W. Reinhardt, 2012.

The Economics, Performance, and Sustainability of Internally Cured Concrete, ACI SP-290, Eds. A.K. Schlinder, J.G. Grygar, and W.J. Weiss, American Concrete Institute, CD-ROM, 2012.

Articles and Theses

Abate, S.Y., Song, K.-I., Song, J.-K., Lee, B.Y., and Kim, H.-K., Internal Curing Effect of Raw and Carbonated Recycled Aggregate on the Properties of High-Strength Slag-Cement Mortar, Construction and Building Materials, 165, 64-71, 2018.

Abed, Z.M., and Salih, A.A., Effect of Using Lightweight Aggregate on Properties of Roller-Compacted Concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 114 (4), 517-523, 2017.

Ackay, B., and Tasdemir, M.A., Influence of Lightweight Aggregates on Internal Curing and Fracture of Concrete, Proceedings of the International RILEM Conference - Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation, Eds. O.M. Jensen, P. Lura, and K. Kovler, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., 31-40, 2006.

Ackay, B., and Tasdemir, M.A., Effects of Lightweight Aggregates on Autogenous Deformation in Concrete, in Measuring, Monitoring, and Modeling Concrete Properties, Springer, The Netherlands, 163-170, 2006.

Ackay, B., and Tasdemir, M.A., Optimization of Using Lightweight Aggregates in Mitigating Autogenous Deformation of Concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 23, 353-363, 2009.

Ackay, B., and Tasdemir, M.A., Effects of Distribution of Lightweight Aggregates on Internal Curing of Concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 32 (10), 611-616, 2010.

Afzal, S., Shahzada, K., Fahad, M., Saeed, S., and Ashraf, M., Assessment of Early-Age Autogenous Shrinkage Strains in Concrete Using Bentonite Clay as Internal Curing Technique, Construction and Building Materials, 66, 403-409, 2014.

Akhnoukh, A.K., Internal Curing of Concrete Using Lightweight Aggregates, Particulate Science and Technology, 36 (3), 2018.

Almeida, F.C.R., Klemm, A.J., Moriconi, G., and Cingolani, M., Use of Superabsorbent Polymers to Reduce Autogenous Shrinkage in Mortars with Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag, Institute of Concrete Technology, 5 pp., 2017.

Almeida, F.C.R., and Klemm, A.J., Efficiency of Internal Curing by Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) in PC-GGBS Mortars, Cement and Concrete Composites, 88, 41-51, 2018.

Al-Nasra, M., and Daoud, M., Investigating the Use of Super Absorbent Polymer in Plain Concrete, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 3 (8), 598-603, 2013.

Amirkhanian, A.N., and Roesler, J.R., Unrestrained Curling in Concrete with Fine Lightweight Aggregates, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29 (9), 2017.

Ardeshirilajimi, A., Wu, D., Chaunsali, P., and Mondal, P., Effects of Presoaked Lightweight Aggregate on Deformation Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement-Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Blends, ACI Materials Journal, 114 (4), 643-652, 2017.

Assmann, A., and Reinhardt, H.W., Tensile Creep and Shrinkage of SAP Modified Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 58, 129-185, 2014.

AzariJafari, H., Kazemain, A., Rahimi, M., and Yahia, A., Effects of Pre-Soaked Super Absorbent Polymers on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self-Consolidating Lightweight Concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 113, 215-220, 2016.

Babcock, A., and Taylor, P., Impacts of Internal Curing on Concrete Properties, National Concrete Pavement Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 2015.

Barrett, T.J., Miller, A.E., and Weiss, W.J., Documentation of the INDOT Experience and Construction of the Bridge Decks Containing Internal Curing in 2013, Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University Joint Transportation Research Program, West Lafayette, IN, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315532

Bates, R.T., Holck, E., Dee, M., and King, M., Design and Construction of an Internally Cured Slab, in ACI SP-290, The Economics, Performance, and Sustainability of Internally Cured Concrete, Eds. A.K. Schlinder, J.G. Grygar, and W.J. Weiss, American Concrete Institute, CD-ROM, 10 pp., 2012.

Bello, L., Garcia-Diaz, E., and Rougeau, P., An Original Test Method to Assess Water Absorption/Desorption of Lightweight Aggregates in Presence of Cement Paste, Construction and Building Materials, 154, 752-762, 2017.

Bentur, A., Igarishi, S., and Kovler, K., Control of Autogenous Shrinkage Stresses and Cracking in High Strength Concretes, Proc. 5th International Symposium of High Strength/High Performance Concrete, Sandefjord, Norway, June 20-24, 1999, 1017-1026.

Bentur, A., Igarishi, S., and Kovler, K., Prevention of Autogenous Shrinkage in High Strength Concrete by Internal Curing Using Wet Lightweight Aggregates, Cement and Concrete Research, 31 (11) 1587-1591, 2001.

Bentur, A., and van Breugel, K., Internally Cured Concrete. Report 25: Early Age Cracking in Cementitious Systems, Report of RILEM Technical Committee 181-EAS, Edited by A. Bentur (RILEM Publications, France, 2002) 339-353.

Bentz, D.P., Snyder, K.A., and Stutzman, P.E., Microstructural Modeling of Self-Desiccation during Hydration, in Proceedings of an International Research Seminar in Lund: Self-Desiccation and Its Importance in Concrete Technology, Eds. B. Persson and G. Fagerlund, Sweden, 1997, 132-140.

Bentz, D.P., and Snyder, K.A., Protected Paste Volume in Concrete. Extension to Internal Curing Using Saturated Lightweight Fine Aggregate, Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 1863-1867, 1999.

Bentz, D.P., Garboczi, E.J., and Snyder, K.A., A Hard Core/Soft Shell Microstructural Model for Studying Percolation and Transport in Three-Dimensional Composite Media, NISTIR 6265, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1999.

Bentz, D.P., Hansen, K.K., Madsen, H.D., Vallee, F., and Griesel, E.J., Drying/Hydration in Cement Pastes during Curing, Materials and Structures, 34, 557-565, 2000.

Bentz, D.P., and Jensen, O.M., Mitigation Strategies for Autogenous Shrinkage Cracking, Cement and Concrete Composites, 26 (6), 677-685, 2004.

Bentz, D.P., Geiker, M.R., and Hansen, K.K., Shrinkage-reducing Admixtures and Early-age Desiccation in Cement Pastes and Mortars, Cement and Concrete Research, 31 (7), 1075-1085, 2001.

Bentz, D.P., Geiker, M., and Jensen, O.M., On the Mitigation of Early Age Cracking, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar: Self-Desiccation and Its Importance in Concrete Technology, Eds. B. Persson and G. Fagerlund, Lund, Sweden, 195-203, 2002.

Bentz, D.P., Lura, P., and Roberts, J.W., Mixture Proportioning for Internal Curing, Concrete International, 27 (2), 35-40, 2005.

Bentz, D.P., Capitalizing on Self-Desiccation for Autogenous Distribution of Chemical Admixtures, Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar: Self-Desiccation and Its Importance in Concrete Technology, Eds. B. Persson, D.P. Bentz, and L.-O. Nilsson, Gaithersburg, MD, 189-196, 2005.

Bentz, D.P., Halleck, P.M., Grader, A.S., and Roberts, J.W., Water Movement during Internal Curing: Direct Observation using X-ray Microtomography, Concrete International, 28 (10), 39-45, 2006.

Bentz, D.P., Halleck, P.M., Grader,A.S., and Roberts, J.W., Four-dimensional X-ray Microtomography Study of Water Movement during Internal Curing, Proceedings of the International RILEM Conference - Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation, Eds. O.M. Jensen, P. Lura, and K. Kovler, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., 11-20, 2006.

Bentz, D.P., Internal Curing of High Performance Blended Cement Mortars, ACI Materials Journal, 104 (4), 408-414, 2007.

Bentz, D.P., and Stutzman, P.E., Internal Curing and Microstructure of High Performance Mortars, in ACI SP-256: Internal Curing of High Performance Concretes: Laboratory and Field Experiences, Eds. D. Bentz and B. Mohr, CD-ROM, 81-90, 2008.

Bentz, D.P., Influence of Internal Curing Using Lightweight Aggregates on Interfacial Transition Zone Percolation and Chloride Ingress in Mortars, Cement and Concrete Composites, 31 (5), 285-289, 2009. 

Bentz, D.P., Snyder, K.A., and Peltz, M.A., Doubling the Service Life of Concrete Structures. II: Performance of Nanoscale Viscosity Modifiers in Mortars, Cement and Concrete Composites, 32 (3), 187-193, 2010.

Bentz, D.P., and Weiss, W.J., Internal Curing: A 2010 State-of-the-Art Review, NISTIR 7765, U.S. Department of Commerce, February 2011.

Bentz, D.P., Davis, J.M., Peltz, M.A., and Snyder, K.A., Influence of Internal Curing and Viscosity Modifiers on Resistance to Sulfate Attack, Materials and Structures, 47 (4), 581-589, 2013, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-013-0081-x.

Bentz, D.P., Jones, S.Z., Peltz, M.A., and Stutzman, P.E., Influence of Internal Curing on Properties and Performance of Cement-Based Repair Materials, NISTIR 8076, U.S. Department of Commerce, July 2015.

Beushausen, H., and Gillmer, M., The Use of Superabsorbent Polymers to Reduce Cracking of Bonded Mortar Overlays, Cement and Concrete Composites, 52, 1-8, 2014.

Beushausen, H., Gillmer, M., and Alexander, M., The Influence of Superabsorbent Polymers on Strength and Durability Properties of Blended Cement Mortars, Cement and Concrete Composites, 52, 73-80, 2014.

Beyene, M.A., Munoz, J.F., Meininger, R.C., and De Bella, C., Effect of Internal Curing as Mitigation to Minimize Alkali-Silica Reaction Damage, ACI Materials Journal, 114 (3), 417-428, 2017.

Bhosale, S., Shingade, V.S., and Patil, S.K., Experimental Characterization of Strength of Self Curing Concrete, International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2 (4), 151-160, 2016.

Bloem, D.L., Concrete Strength Measurement - Cores and Cylinders, ASTM Proceedings, 65, 1965, Philadelphia, PA.

Briatka, P., and Makýš, P., Desorption and Use of Saturated Lightweight Aggregate in Internal Curing, Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering, 19 (3), 31-38, 2011.

Browning, J., Darwin, D., Reynolds, D., and Pendergrass, B., Lightweight Aggregate as Internal Curing Agent to Limit Concrete Shrinkage, ACI Materials Journal, 108 (6), 638-644, 2011.

van Breugel, K., and de Vries, H., Mixture Optimization of Low Water/Cement Ratio, High-Strength Concretes in View of Reduction of Autogenous Shrinkage, Proceedings International Symposium on High-Performance and Reactive Powder Concretes, Eds. P.C. Aitcin and Y. Delagrave, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, 365-382, 1998.

van Breugel, K., and de Vries, H., Mixture Optimization of HPC in View of Autogenous Shrinkage, in Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Utilization of High Strength/High Performance Concrete, Volume II, Sandefjord, Norway, 1041-1050, 1999.

van Breugel, K., and Lura, P., Effect of Initial Moisture Content and Particle Size Distribution of Lightweight Aggregates on Autogenous Deformation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete, Eds. S. Helland, I. Holand, and S. Smeplass, Kristiansand, Norway, 453-462, 2000.

van Breugel, K., and de Vries, H., Potential of Mixtures with Blended Aggregates for Reducing Autogenous Deformation in Low Water/Cement Ratio Concrete, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete, Eds. S. Helland, I. Holand, and S. Smeplass, Kristiansand, Norway, 463-472, 2000.

van Breugel, K., Ouwerkerk, H., and de Vries, H., Effect of Mixture Composition and Size Effect on Shrinkage of High Strength Concrete, in Proceedings of International RILEM Workshop on Shrinkage of Concrete, Eds. V. Baroghel-Bouny and P.C Aitcin, Paris, 161-177, 2000.

Bui, P.T., Ogawa, Y., Nakarai, K., Kawai, K., and Sato, R., Internal Curing of Class-F Fly-Ash Concrete Using High-Volume Roof-Tile Waste Aggregate, Materials and Structures, 50:203, 2017.

Bundur, Z.B., Kirisits, M.J., and Ferron, R.D., Use of Pre-Wetted Lightweight Fine Expanded Shale Aggregates as Internal Nutrient Reservoirs for Microorganisms in Bio-Mineralized Mortar, Cement and Concrete Composites, 84, 167-174, 2017.

Byard, B.E., Schindler, A.K., and Barnes, R.W., Early-Age Cracking Tendency and Ultimate Degree of Hydration of Internally Cured Concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 24 (8), 1025-1033, 2012.

Byard, B.E., Schindler, A.K., and Barnes, R.W., Cracking Tendency of Lightweight Aggregate Bridge Deck Concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 111 (2), 179-188, 2014.

 

Byard, B.E., Schindler, A.K., and Barnes, R.W., Early-Age Autogenous Effects in Internally Cured Concrete and Mortar, in ACI SP-290, The Economics, Performance, and Sustainability of Internally Cured Concrete, Eds. A.K. Schlinder, J.G. Grygar, and W.J. Weiss, American Concrete Institute, CD-ROM, 18 pp., 2012.

Byard, B.E., and Ries, J., Optimizing the Sustainability of Concrete Through Internal Curing, in ACI SP-290, The Economics, Performance, and Sustainability of Internally Cured Concrete, Eds. A.K. Schlinder, J.G. Grygar, and W.J. Weiss, American Concrete Institute, CD-ROM, 10 pp., 2012.

Campbell, R.H., and Tobin, R.E., Core and Cylinder Strengths of Natural and Lightweight Concrete, ACI Journal, 64 (4), 190-195, 1967.

Castro, J., Lura, P., Rajabipour, F., Henkensiefken, R., and Weiss, W.J., Internal Curing: Discussion of the Role of Pore Solution on Relative Humidity Measurements and Desorption of Lightweight Aggregate (LWA), in ACI SP-270: Advances in the Materials Science of Concrete, Ed. J.H. Ideker, American Concrete Institute, 89-100, 2010.

Castro, J., Keiser, L., Golias, M., and Weiss, W.J., Absorption and Desorption Properties of Fine Lightweight Aggregate for Application to Internally Cured Concrete Mixtures, Cement and Concrete Composites, 33 (10), 1001-1008, 2011.

Castro, J., de la Varga, I., and Weiss, W.J., Using Isothermal Calorimetry to Assess the Water Absorbed by Fine LWA during Mixing, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 24 (8), 996-1005, 2012.

Castro, J., Spragg, R., and Weiss, W.J., Water Absorption and Electrical Conductivity for Internally Cured Mortars with a w/c between 0.30 and 0.45. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 24 (2), 223-231, 2012.

Chen, P., Wang, J., Liu, F., Qian, X., Xu, Y., and Li, J., Converting Hollow Fly Ash into Admixture Carrier for Concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 159, 431-439, 2018.

Cheng, S., Shui, Z., Yu, R., Sun, T., and Zhang, X., Multiple Influences of Internal Curing and Supplementary Cementitious Materials on the Shrinkage and Microstructure Development of Reefs Aggregate Concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 155, 522-530, 2017.

Collins, F., and Sanjayan, J.G., Strength and Shrinkage Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete Containing Porous Coarse Aggregates, Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 607-610, 1999.

Cortas, R., Rozière, E., Staquet, S., Hamani, A., Loukili, A., and Delplancke-Ogletree, M.-P., Effect of Water Saturation of Aggregates on the Shrinkage Induced Cracking Risk of Concrete at Early Age, Cement and Concrete Composites, 50, 1-9, 2014.

Craeye, B., Reduction of Autogenous Shrinkage of Concrete by Means of Internal Curing, M.S. thesis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 2006 (in Dutch).

Craeye, B., and De Schutter, G., Experimental Evaluation of Mitigation of Autogenous Shrinkage by Means of a Vertical Dilatometer for Concrete, Proceedings of the International RILEM Conference - Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation, Eds. O.M. Jensen, P. Lura, and K. Kovler, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., 21-30, 2006.

Craeye, B., Geirnaert, M., and De Schutter, G., Super Absorbing Polymers as an Internal Curing Agent for Mitigation of Early-Age Cracking of High-Performance Concrete Bridge Decks, Construction and Building Materials, 25 (1), 1-13, 2011.

Crowl, D., and Sutek, M., A Survey of High Performance Concrete Bridge Decks, Volume IV, District 12 Ohio DoT, 2002, 24 pages.

Cusson, D., and Hoogeveen, T., Internally-cured High-performance Concrete Under Restrained Shrinkage and Creep, in CONCREEP 7 Workshop on Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability of Concrete and Concrete Structures, Nantes, France, 579-584, 2005.

Cusson, D., Hoogeveen, T., and Mitchell, L., Restrained Shrinkage Testing of High-performance Concrete Modified with Structural Lightweight Aggregate, Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Utilization of High Strength/ High Performance Concrete, Washington, D.C., 1-20, 2005.

Cusson, D., and Hoogeveen, T., Preventing Autogenous Shrinkage of HPC by Internal Curing, in S.P. Shah Symposium on Measuring, Monitoring, and Modeling Concrete Properties, Alexandroupolis, Greece,83-89, 2006.

Cusson, D., Effect of Blended Cements on Effectiveness of Internal Curing in HPC, in ACI SP-256: Internal Curing of High Performance Concretes: Laboratory and Field Experiences, Eds. D. Bentz and B. Mohr, CD-ROM, 105-120, 2008.

Cusson, D., and Hoogeveen, T., Internal Curing of High-Performance Concrete with Pre-Soaked Fine Lightweight Aggregate for Prevention of Autogenous Shrinkage Cracking, Cement and Concrete Research, 38, 757-765, 2008.

Cusson, D., and Margeson, J., Development of Low-Shrinkage High-Performance Concrete with Improved Durability, In Concrete Under Severe Conditions. Taylor & Francis Group, London, 2010.

Cusson, D., Lounis, Z., and Daigle, L., Benefits of Internal Curing on Service Life and Life-Cycle Cost of High-Performance Concrete Bridge Decks - A Case Study, Cement and Concrete Composites, 32, 339-350, 2010.

 

Cusson, D., and Margeson, J., Durability Design of HPC Bridge Decks with Lightweight Aggregates and Admixtures, in ACI SP-290, The Economics, Performance, and Sustainability of Internally Cured Concrete, Eds. A.K. Schlinder, J.G. Grygar, and W.J. Weiss, American Concrete Institute, CD-ROM, 22 pp., 2012.

Daigle, L., Cusson, D., and Lounis, Z., Extending Service Life of High Performance Concrete Bridge Decks with Internal Curing, International Conference on Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability of Concrete and Concrete Structures (CONCREEP 8), 6 pp., 2008.

Dang, J., Zhao, J., and Du, Z., Effect of Superabsorbent Polymers on the Properties of Concrete, Polymers, 9 (672), 17 pp., 2017.

Dang, Y., Shi, X., Mery, S., and Xie, N., Influence of Surface Sealers on the Properties of Internally Cured Cement Mortars Containing Saturated Fine Lightweight Aggregate, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27 (12), 2015.

Deboodt, T., Internal Curing of High-Performance Concrete for Bridge Decks, M.S. thesis, Oregon State University, 2011.

Deboodt, T., Fu, T., and Ideker, J.H., Durability Assessment of High-Performance Concrete with SRAs and FLWAs, Cement and Concrete Composites, 57, 94-101, 2015.

Deboodt, T., Fu, T., and Ideker, J.H., Evaluation of FLWA and SRAs on Autogenous Deformation and Long-Term Drying Shrinkage of High Performance Concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 119, 53-60, 2016.

de Jesus Cano Barrita, F., Bremner, T.W., and Balcom, B.J., Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Study Internal Moist Curing in Concrete Containing Saturated Lightweight Aggregate, ACI SP-218 High-Performance Structural Lightweight Concrete, Eds. J.P. Ries and T.A. Holm, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 155-175, 2004.

De la Varga, I., Castro, J., Bentz, D.P., and Weiss, W.J., Application of Internal Curing for Mixtures Containing High Volumes of Fly Ash, Cement and Concrete Composites, 34 (9), 1001-1008, 2012.

De la Varga, I., Castro, J., and Weiss, W.J., Autogenous Shrinkage Mitigation in HVFA Mixtures with Internal Curing, in ACI SP-290, The Economics, Performance, and Sustainability of Internally Cured Concrete, Eds. A.K. Schlinder, J.G. Grygar, and W.J. Weiss, American Concrete Institute, CD-ROM, 12 pp., 2012.

De la Varga, I., Spragg, R., Di Bella, C., Castro, J., Bentz, D.P., and Weiss, W.J., Fluid Transport in High-Volume Fly Ash Mixtures with and without Internal Curing, Cement and Concrete Composites, 45, 102-110, 2014.

De la Varga, I., and Graybeal, B.A., Dimensional Stability of Grout-Type Materials Used as Connections between Prefabricated Concrete Elements, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27 (9), 2015.

De la Varga, I., Haber, Z.B., and Graybeal, B.A., Enhancing Shrinkage Properties and Bond Performance of Prefabricated Bridge Deck Connection Grouts: Material and Component Testing, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30 (4), 2018.

De Meyst, L., Araújo, M., Mignon, A., Van Tittelboom, K., Van Vlierberghe, S., and De Belie, N., Mitigating Autogenous Shrinkage by Means of Superabsorbent Polymers – Effect on Concrete Properties, 2nd International RILEM/COST Conference on Early Age Cracking and Serviceability in Cement-Based Materials and Structures, Brussels, Belgium, 6 pp., 2017.

Delatte, N., Mack, E., and Cleary, J., Evaluation of High Absorptive Materials to Improve Internal Curing of Low Permeability Concrete, State Job Number 134227, Final Report, March 2007.

Delatte, N., and Cleary, J., Implementation of Internal Curing in Transportation Concrete. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2070(-1), 1-7, 2008.

Delatte, N., Crowl, D., Mack, E., and Cleary, J., Evaluating High Absorptive Materials to Improve Internal Curing of Concrete, in ACI SP-256: Internal Curing of High Performance Concretes: Laboratory and Field Experiences, Eds. D. Bentz and B. Mohr, CD-ROM, 91-104, 2008.

Delatte, N., and Crowl, D., Case Studies of Internal Curing of Bridge Decks in the Greater Cleveland Area, in ACI SP-290, The Economics, Performance, and Sustainability of Internally Cured Concrete, Eds. A.K. Schlinder, J.G. Grygar, and W.J. Weiss, American Concrete Institute, CD-ROM, 12 pp., 2012.

Deng, H., and Liao, G., Assessment of Influence of Self-Healing Behavior on Water Permeability and Mechanical Performance of ECC Incorporating Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) Particles, Construction and Building Materials, 170, 455-465, 2018.

Dhir, R.K., Hewlett, P.C., and Dyer, T.C., Influence of Microstructure on the Physical Properties of Self-Curing Concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 93 (5), 465-471, 1996.

Dhir, R.K., Hewlett, P.C., Lota, J.S., and Dyer, T.C., An Investigation into the Feasibility of Formulating Self-Cure Concrete, Materials and Structures, 27 (174), 606-615, 1994.

Di Bella, C., Villani, C., Hausheer, E., and Weiss, W.J., Chloride Transport Measurements for a Plain and Internally Cured Concrete Mixture, in ACI SP-290, The Economics, Performance, and Sustainability of Internally Cured Concrete, Eds. A.K. Schlinder, J.G. Grygar, and W.J. Weiss, American Concrete Institute, CD-ROM, 16 pp., 2012.

Dimitriou, G., Savva, P., and Petrou, M.F., Enhancing Mechanical and Durability Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 158, 228-235, 2018.

Durán-Herrera, A., Aitcin, P.C., and Petrov, N., Effect of Saturated Lightweight Sand Substitution on Shrinkage in 0.35 w/b Concrete, ACI Materials Journal, 104 (1), 48-52, 2007.

Durán-Herrera, A., Mendoza-Rangel, J.M., De‑los-Santos-Rodriguez, E.J., Vázquez, F., Valdez, P., and Bentz, D.P., Accelerated and Natural Carbonation of Concretes with Internal Curing and Shrinkage/Viscosity Modifiers, Materials and Structures, 48, 1207-1214, 2015.

 

Espinoza-Hijazin, G., and Lopez, M., Extending Internal Curing to Concrete Mixtures with w/c Higher than 0.42, Construction and Building Materials, 25 (3), 1236-1242, 2010, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.031.

 

Espinoza-Hijazin, G., Paul, A., and Lopez, M., Concrete Containing Natural Pozzolans: New Challenges for Internal Curing, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 24 (8), 981-988, 2012.

 

Esteves, L.P., Internal Curing in Cement-Based Materials, Ph.D. thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal, 2009.

 

Esteves, L.P., Paiva, H., Ferreira, V.M., Cachim, P., Effect of Curing Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Mortars with Superabsorbent Polymers, Materiales de Construcciòn, 60 (298), 61-72, 2010.

 

Farzanian, K., Pimenta Teixeira, K., Perdigão Rocha, I., De Sa Carneiro, L., and Ghahremaninezhad, A., The Mechanical Strength, Degree of Hydration, and Electrical Resistivity of Cement Pastes Modified with Superabsorbent Polymers, Construction and Building Materials, 109, 156-165, 2016.

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For more information, contact:

Mr. Dale Bentz

dale.bentz [at] nist.gov (dale[dot]bentz[at]nist[dot]gov)