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Simulations of Optical Microscope Images

Published

Author(s)

Thomas A. Germer, Egon Marx

Abstract

The resolution of an optical microscope is limited by the optical wavelengths used. However, there is no fundamental limit to the sensitivity of a microscope to small differences in any of a feature's dimensions. That is, those limits are determined by such things as the sensitivity of the detector array, the quality of the optical system, and the stability of the light source. The potential for using this nearly unbounded sensitivity has sparked interest in extending optical microscopy to the characterization of sub-wavelength structures created by photolithography and using that characterization for process control. In this paper, an analysis of the imaging of a semiconductor grating structure with an optical microscope will be presented. The analysis includes the effects of partial coherence in the illumination system, aberrations of both the illumination and the collection optics, non-uniformities in the illumination, and polarization. It can thus model just about any illumination configuration imaginable, including K hler illumination, focused (confocal) illumination, or dark-field illumination. By propagating Jones matrices throughout the system, polarization control at the back focal planes of both illumination and collection can be investigated. Given a detailed characterization of the microscope (including aberrations), images can be calculated and compared to real data, allowing details of the grating structure to be determined, in manner similar to that found in scatterometry.
Proceedings Title
Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography | 20th | | SPIE
Conference Dates
February 19-24, 2006
Conference Title
Proceedings of Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography

Keywords

coherence, imaging, lithography, microscopy, polarization, scatter

Citation

Germer, T. and Marx, E. (2006), Simulations of Optical Microscope Images, Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography | 20th | | SPIE, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=841006 (Accessed March 28, 2024)
Created July 3, 2006, Updated February 17, 2017