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Search Publications by: Alexander Maranghides (Fed)

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Displaying 1 - 25 of 60

NIST Outdoor Structure Separation Experiments (NOSSE) with Wind

May 31, 2023
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Eric Link, Kathryn Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Matthew Bundy, Artur A. Chernovsky, Frank Bigelow, Steven Hawks, William (Ruddy) Mell, Anthony Bova, Thomas Milac, William Walton, Bob Raymer, Frank Frievalt
The NIST Outdoor Structure Separation Experiments are part of the NIST Structure Separation Experiments project, which is designed to assess structure-to-structure fire spread in the wildland-urban interface. In the first phase of this project, fire

Wind-driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Firewood Piles

March 30, 2023
Author(s)
Erik L. Johnsson, Kathryn Butler, Marco G. Fernandez, Shonali Nazare, Alexander Maranghides
A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for firewood piles under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of firewood types in

Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch

December 12, 2022
Author(s)
Kathryn Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Marco G. Fernandez, Rachel McIntyre, William Saar, Mariusz Zarzecki, Wei Tang, Eric Auth, Michael Pryor, Colin McLaughlin
A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of

Structure Separation Experiments: Shed Burns without Wind

September 15, 2022
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Eric Link, Matthew Bundy, Matthew Hoehler, Steven Hawks, Frank Bigelow, William (Ruddy) Mell, Anthony Bova, Derek McNamara, Tom Milac, Faraz Hedayati, Daniel Gorham, Xareni Monroy, Murray Morrison, Bob Raymer, Frank Frievalt, William Walton
This report describes the experiments conducted during the first phase of a multi-phase project designed to assess structure-to-structure fire spread for structures in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI). The experiments focused on quantifying thermal

Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch

August 10, 2022
Author(s)
Kathryn Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Marco G. Fernandez, Rachel McIntyre, William Saar, Mariusz Zarzecki, Wei Tang, Eric Auth, Michael Pryor, Colin McLaughlin
A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of

WUI Structure/Parcel/Community Fire Hazard Mitigation Methodology

March 1, 2022
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Eric Link, Shonali Nazare, Steven Hawks, Jim McDougald, Stephen Quarles, Daniel Gorham
In the last twenty years, wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires have been growing in severity and size. The structures destroyed by WUI fires have devastated entire communities and have cost billions of dollars while significantly impacting the social

NIST Outdoor Structure Separation Experiments (NOSSE): Preliminary Test Plan

January 10, 2022
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Eric Link, Matthew Bundy, Artur A. Chernovsky, Erik L. Johnsson, Kathryn Butler, Steven Hawks, Frank Bigelow, William (Ruddy) Mell, Anthony Bova, Derek McNamara, Tom MIlac, Daniel Gorham, Faraz Hedayati, Bob Raymer, Frank Frievalt, William Walton
The Structure Separation Project is a multi-level project to assess structure-to-structure fire spread in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) communities. The project is divided into three phases with each phase assessing radiant and convective heat exposures

Structure Separation Experiments Phase 1 Preliminary Test Plan

May 26, 2021
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Eric Link, Kuldeep Prasad, Matthew Hoehler, Matthew Bundy, Steven Hawks, Frank Bigelow, William (Ruddy) Mell, Anthony Bova, Derek McNamara, Tom Milac, Daniel Gorham, Faraz Hedayati, Bob Raymer, Frank Frievalt, William Walton
The primary objective of this project is to assess structure-to-structure fire spread for structures located in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI). Full-scale fire experiments will be conducted in which various types of structures (sources of fire) will be

A Case Study of the Camp Fire - Fire Progression Timeline

February 8, 2021
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Eric D. Link, Christopher U. Brown, William Mell, Steven Hawks, Mike Wilson, Will Brewer, Robert Vihnanek, William D. Walton
The Camp Fire ignited on November 8, 2018 in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in Butte County, California. The first 24 hours were characterized by a fast-moving fire with initial spread driven by high winds up to 22 m/s (50 mi/h) and long-range spotting

Preliminary Data Collected from the Camp Fire Reconnaissance

December 15, 2020
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, William Mell, Steven Hawks, Mike Wilson, Will Brewer, Eric D. Link, Christopher U. Brown, Cartier P. Murrill, Erin Ashley
The Camp Fire started in the vicinity of Pulga Rd and Camp Creek Road, in Butte County on November 8 at 6:29 am. The cause of ignition is under investigation. The incident was classified as a vegetation fire. The Unified Command Agencies responsible for

Camp Fire Preliminary Reconnaissance

August 27, 2020
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, William Mell, Steven Hawks, Eric D. Link, Christopher U. Brown, Cartier P. Murrill, Erin Ashley
The Camp Fire started in the early morning of November 8, 2018 in vegetative fuels to the northeast of Concow, California. Concow is an unincorporated community and census-designated place of primarily residential with a population of 762 in the Sierra

Numerical Modeling of Fire Spread Through Individual Trees and Shrubs

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
William E. Mell, Samuel Manzello, Alexander Maranghides
Fire spread through suspended vegetation, such as tree crowns, is a basic component of wildland fires. Most models of fire spread do not resolve the burning of individual trees. Instead, fire spread through a forest canopy, representing a collection tree

Wildland-Urban Interface Fires: Overview and Research Needs

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
William E. Mell, Samuel Manzello, Alexander Maranghides, Ronald G. Rehm
Wildfires that spread into wildland-urban interface (WUI) communities present a significant challenge on a number of fronts. In the United States the WUI accounts for a significant portion of wildfire suppression and risk mitigation costs. Research on fire

Effects of Wind Speed and Angle on Fire Spread along Privacy Fences

July 25, 2016
Author(s)
Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides
A series of experiments was conducted to examine fire spread along fences subjected to wind at various speeds and angles. Specifically, sections of western redcedar, California redwood, or vinyl privacy fences were ignited with a burner. Wind fields of 9 m

A Case Study of a Community Affected by the Waldo Fire Event Timeline and Defensive Actions

November 9, 2015
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Derek McNamara, Robert Vihnanek, Joseph Restaino, Carrie Leland
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a suite of research projects addressing risk reduction in Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) communities. This case study is focused on the Mountain Shadows Community (MSC) in Colorado Springs

Ignition of Wood Fencing Assemblies Exposed to Continuous-Wind Driven Firebrand Showers

July 30, 2015
Author(s)
Sayaka Suzuki, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides, Samuel Manzello
A series of experiments were conducted to examine ignition of wood fencing assemblies subjected to continuous, wind-driven firebrand showers. Specifically, Western Red Cedar and Redwood fencing assemblies were exposed to continuous, wind-driven firebrand

Reducing the Risk of Fire in Buildings and Communities

January 1, 2014
Author(s)
Anthony Hamins, Jason D. Averill, Nelson P. Bryner, David Butry, Richard Gann, Rick D. Davis, Daniel M. Madrzykowski, Alexander Maranghides, Jiann C. Yang, Matthew Bundy, Samuel Manzello, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Francine K. Amon, William E. Mell
Fire costs and losses are a significant life safety and economic burden on society comprising about two percent of the United States gross domestic product. This paper presents the results of a roadmap developed by the National Institute of Standards and

A Case Study of a Community Affected by the Witch and Guejito Fires: Report #2 – Evaluating the Effects of Hazard Mitigation Actions on Structure Ignitions

June 5, 2013
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Derek McNamara, William Mell, Jason Trook, Blaza Toman
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a suite of research projects addressing risk reduction in Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) communities. The NIST WUI Team was invited by CAL FIRE to collect post incident data from the California