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Search Publications by: Thomas Cleary (Fed)

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Displaying 1 - 25 of 141

Examining the effectiveness of water suppression for mitigating backdrafts

March 19, 2023
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
An analysis of the backdraft phenomenon's mitigation from water suppression is con- ducted in a 2/5th scale compartment. Different volumes of water were introduced via a ceiling- mounted misting nozzle into the compartment, which hosted conditions

Real-Time Flashover Prediction Model for Multi-Compartment Building Structures Using Attention Based Recurrent Neural Networks

March 17, 2023
Author(s)
Wai Cheong Tam, Eugene Yujun Fu, Jiajia Li, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Thomas Cleary, Grace Ngai, Hong Va Leong, Michael Xuelin Huang
This paper presents the development of an attention based bi-directional gated recurrent unit model, P-Flashv2, for the prediction of potential occurrence of flashover in a traditional 111 m2 single story ranch-style family home. Synthetic temperature data

A binary logistic regression model to evaluate backdraft phenomenon

September 30, 2022
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
A technique to predict backdraft phenomenon using a binary logistic regression model is presented. The model is established from time-averaged temperature, global and local equivalence ratios, and oxygen concentration measurements obtained in a series of

Measurements and Predictions of the Aerosol Dynamics of Smoke

September 30, 2022
Author(s)
Amy Mensch, Haley Hamza, Thomas Cleary
Better understanding and ability to predict the aerosol dynamics of soot can improve life safety predictions generated by fire modeling tools. NIST's fire modeling tool, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), is commonly used by the international fire protection

Characterization of backdrafts generated from methane fires

March 10, 2022
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Christopher U. Brown, Thomas Cleary
An analysis of oxygen concentration measurements is conducted to investigate compartment ventilation before a potential backdraft phenomenon. Experiments are performed in a 2/5th scale compartment of varying configurations such as fuel flow time, spark

The Design and Performance of a Second-Generation Phi Meter

January 5, 2022
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
This report documents the design and performance of a second-generation phi meter used in multi-scale experimental applications. A constructed second-generation phi meter is implemented in bench and 2/5th scale experiments to demonstrate the instrument's

A Generic Flashover Prediction Model for Residential Buildings Using Graph Neural Network

November 11, 2021
Author(s)
Wai Cheong Tam, Eugene Yujun Fu, Paul A. Reneke, Richard D. Peacock, Thomas Cleary
A generic graph neural network-based model is developed to predict the potential occurrence of flashover for different building structures. The proposed model transforms multivariate temperature data into graph-structure data. Utilizing graph convolution

Detection of Smoke From Microgravity Fires

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
D L. Urban, DeVon Griffin, Gary Ruff, Thomas Cleary, Jiann C. Yang, George W. Mulholland, Zeng-guang Yuan
The history and current status of spacecraft smoke detection is discussed including a review of the state of understanding of the effect of gravity on the resultant smoke particle size. The results from a spacecraft experiment (Comparative Soot Diagnostics

Validation of Aerosol Dynamics in a Well-Stirred Isothermal Enclosure

September 30, 2021
Author(s)
Amy Mensch, Thomas Cleary
Modeling of aerosol dynamics in fire simulations enables predictions of the effects of soot, such as visibility and detection, and the fate of soot, such as deposition and emissions. NIST's fire modeling tool, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), has implemented

Response Time Impact of Smoke Alarms

September 9, 2021
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert, Thomas Cleary, Paul A. Reneke, Richard Peacock, David Butry
It can be assumed that smoke alarms reduce reported fires and casualties by reducing on average the amount of time it takes to detect a fire. This paper sets out to determine by how much that detection time is reduced. It does so by comparing the effect of

Predicting Flashover Occurrence using Surrogate Temperature Data

February 9, 2021
Author(s)
Andy Tam, Eugene Yujun Fu, Richard Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Jun Wang, Grace Ngai, Hong Va Leong, Thomas Cleary
Fire fighter fatalities and injuries in the U.S. remain too high and fire fighting too hazardous. Until now, fire fighters rely only on their experience to avoid life-threatening fire events, such as flashover. In this paper, we describe the development of

On the Use of Machine Learning Models to Forecast Flashover Occurrence in a Compartment

September 15, 2020
Author(s)
Jun Wang, Andy Tam, Paul A. Reneke, Richard Peacock, Thomas Cleary, Eugene Yujun Fu, Grace Ngai, Hong Va Leong
This paper presents a study to examine the potential use of machine learning algorithms to build a model to forecast the likelihood of flashover occurrence for a single-floor multi-room compartment. Synthetic temperature data for heat detectors from

Assessing Fire Smoke to Predict Backdraft and Smoke Explosion Potential

June 3, 2020
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
The Fire Research Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is investigating the ability to forecast backdraft or smoke explosions during a fire event using a phi meter. Compared to other gas sensors, a phi meter can measure the global

Measurements and Predictions of Thermophoretic Soot Deposition

November 1, 2019
Author(s)
Amy E. Mensch, Thomas G. Cleary
A thin laminar flow channel with a transverse temperature gradient was used to examine thermophoretic deposition of soot aerosol particles in experiments and modeled in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) simulations. Conditions investigated included three

Towards a Process to Quantify the Hazard of Fire Protection Design Alternatives

May 1, 2019
Author(s)
Paul A. Reneke, Morgan Bruns, Stanley W. Gilbert, Chandler P. MacLaren, Richard D. Peacock, Thomas G. Cleary, David T. Butry
There are a variety of fire protection technologies that have the potential to improve life safety in residences including barrier fabrics for upholstered furniture, new nano-scaled flame retardants, or better fire detector technology. However, there is no

Evaluation of Spacecraft Smoke Detector Performance in the Low-Gravity Environment

April 25, 2018
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Thomas G. Cleary, Marit Meyer, D L. Urban, George W. Mulholland, Victoria Bryg, Zeng-guang Yuan, Gary A. Ruff
In the interest of fire prevention, most materials used in the interior construction of manned spacecraft are non- flammable, however, they do produce smoke when overheated. Spacecraft smoke detectors will ideally detect smoke generated by oxidative