December 8, 2021
      
                  
        
  Author(s)
  Soocheol  Yoon,   Roger V.  Bostelman,   Ann  Virts
 
       
            
    
    
        Automatic, Automated, or Autonomous - Unmanned Ground Vehicles (A-UGVs), as referred to by ASTM International Committee F45, are industrial vehicles that have capabilities to navigate, dock, avoid obstacles, and interact with other vehicles and systems all