U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 37651 - 37675 of 74220

QA Framework: Specification Guidelines

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
Lynne S. Rosenthal, K Dubost, D Hazael-massieux, Lori Henderson
The goal of this document is to help W3C editors write better specifications, by making a specification easier to interpret without ambiguity and clearer as to what is required in order to conform. It focuses on how to define and specify conformance. It

R-22 Replacement Status

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
J M. Calm, Piotr A. Domanski
Since its initial recognition in 1928 and commercialization in 1936, R-22 has been applied in systems ranging from the smallest window air conditioners to the largest chillers and heat pumps, including those for district cooling and heating. Individual

Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Hydraulic Cement Microstructure

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
Paul E. Stutzman
Microscopy of portland cement clinker and cementitous materials dates to the first petrographic microscope in the late 19th century. The development of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with x-ray microanalysis allows the petrographer to study cements

Serrated Chip Morphology and Comparison with Finite Element Simulations

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
Laurent Deshayes, Robert W. Ivester, T Mabrouki, J F. Rigal
The complexity of chip formation in machining processes stems from the confluence of several physical phenomena - mechanical, thermal, and chemical - occurring at very high strain rate. The prediction of chip morphology depends on a fundamental

Simplifying and Interpreting Two-Tone Measurements

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
Kate Remley, Dylan Williams, Dominique Schreurs, John Wood
We develop a mathematical description of the response of systems to second-order memory mechanisms based on a time-varying gain modulation function. We show that intermodulation products arising from interactions at baseband have different phase symmetries

Standards Electronic Automatic Computer (SEAC)

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
Russell A. Kirsch
The Standards Electronic Automatic Computer (SEAC) was the first programmable computer in the United States. The development of SEAC was a cooperative project between the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) team of computer engineers and world-class

The Importance of Distributed Loading and Cantilever Angle in Piezo-Force Microscopy

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
B D. Huey, C Ramanujan, M Bobji, J Blendell, Grady S. White, R Szoszkiewicz, A Kulik
Piezo-force microscopy (PFM) is a variation of atomic force microscopy that is widely applied to investigate piezoelectric thin films at the nanometer scale. Curiously, PFM experiments are found to be remarkably sensitive to the position along the

Time and frequency dissemination using GPS: Recent improvements

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
Tom Parker, Demetrios Matsakis
This is an article for a general audience that reviews recent imporvements in time and frequency delivery by the Global Positioning System (GPS). A significant improvement in direct time delivery was achieved when Selective Availability (SA) was turned off

Toward a Formal Common Information Model Ontology

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
Stephen Quirolgico, P Assis, A Westerinen, M Baskey, E Stokes
Self-managing systems will be highly dependent upon information acquired from disparate applications, devices, components and subsystems. To be effectively managed, such information will need to conform to a common model. One standard that provides a

Toward a Formal Common Information Model Ontology

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
Stephen Quirolgico, P Assis, A Westerinen, M Baskey, E Stokes
We examine the performance of multimodal biometric authentication systems using state-of-the-art Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) fingerprint and face biometric systems on a population approaching 1,000 individuals. Majority of prior studies of multimodal

Virtual Permeametry on Microtomographic Images

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
C H. Arns, M A. Knackstedt, W V. Pinczewski, Nicos Martys
We show that accurate numerical micropermeametry measurements can be performed on three dimensional digitized images of sedimentary rock. The sample size can be very small making it possible to predict properties from core material not suited for

Web-Based 3D Visualization in a Digital Library of Mathematical Functions

November 1, 2004
Author(s)
Qiming Wang, Bonita V. Saunders
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a digital library of mathematical functions to replace the widely used National Bureau of Standards Handbook of Mathematical Functions published in 1964 [1]. The NIST Digital Library

Optical Control and Management Security Standards for the GIG-BE

October 31, 2004
Author(s)
Renee Esposito, Sheila E. Frankel, Richard Graveman, Scott McNown
This paper presents an overview of requirements and standards development activities for securing the control and management infrastructure protocols for optical networking protocols used in the Global Information Grid-Bandwidth Expansion (GIG-BE). Our

Micromechanical torque magnetometer with sub-monolayer sensitivity

October 29, 2004
Author(s)
Dong-Hoon Min, Andrew McCallum, Stephen E. Russek, John M. Moreland
We have developed a micromechanical torque sensor with sub-monolayer sensitivity for in situ monitoring of the magnetic moment of thin films during deposition. The film is deposited onto a microcantilever. The torque on the film is determined by measuring
Displaying 37651 - 37675 of 74220