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Displaying 3276 - 3300 of 3892

Test Methods for Quantifying the Propensity of Cigarettes to Ignite Soft Furnishings. Volume 2. [Also included is: Cigarette Extinction Test Method]

August 1, 1993
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, K M. Villa, E Braun, K Eberhardt, Richard H. Harris Jr., James R. Lawson
Research funded under the Fire Safe Cigarette Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-352) has led to the development of two test methods for measuring the ignition propensity of cigarettes. The Mock-Up Ignition Test Method uses substrated physically similar to upholstered

Assessing the Flammability of Composite Materials

July 30, 1993
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Thomas G. Cleary, James E. Brown, John R. Shields
Composite materials offer the potential for substantial weight savings in the structure of both surface ships and submarines. However, the organic nature of the binder resins in these materials implies that one would be replacing non-flammable materials

Fire Evacuation by Elevators

June 1, 1993
Author(s)
J H. Klote, Scott Deal, E. A. Donoghue, Bernard M. Levin, N Groner
There is a rising concern for the safety of persons from fire who cannot travel building emergency exit routes in the same manner or as quickly as expected of able persons. One proposed solution for providing safety for these people is the use of elevators

Dynamics of the Release of Alternate Halon Replacement Agents From Pressurized Bottles

May 11, 1993
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Jiann C. Yang, B D. Breuel, W G. Cleveland, G. Gmurczyk
Halon 1301 has been widely employed on military and commercial aircraft for fire fighting purposes. Unfortunately, due to the deleterious effects of chlorine and bromine on stratospheric ozone, the manufacture of halon 1301 will be phased out by the end of

Solubilities of Nitrogen and Freon-23 in Alternative Halon Replacement Agents

May 11, 1993
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, B D. Breuel, William L. Grosshandler
As part of the USAF-sponsored halon replacement project, solubility measurements of nitrogen and Freon-23 in eleven potential halon replacement agents and evaluations of the thermodynamic properties of the agents are currently being conducted at NIST. The

Structure of Inhibited Counterflowing Nonpremixed Flames

May 11, 1993
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, M H. Yang, I K. Puri
Recent international agreements call for a halt to the manufacture of CF3Br (Halon 1301), a commonly used halon fire suppressant, due to its high ozone-depletion potential. Ideally, the search for replacement compounds should be guided by fundamental

Extinction of Inhibited, Stretched and Diluted Counterflowing Flames

March 15, 1993
Author(s)
M H. Yang, I K. Puri, Anthony Hamins
It has been shown that a criteria for flame extinction can be described by the Damkohler Number which is the ratio of a characteristic flow or diffusion time to a characteristic chemical reaction time. As the Damkohler Number is reduced the fuel burning

Production Mechanisms for Carbon Monoxide in Enclosure Fires

March 15, 1993
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Nelson P. Bryner, Erik L. Johnsson
Roughly two thirds of all deaths resulting from enclosure fires can be attributed to the presence of carbon monoxide (CO), which is known to be the dominant toxicant in fire deaths. The mechanisms responsible for the generation of high concentrations of CO

Simultaneous Optical Measurement of Soot Volume Fraction and Temperature

March 15, 1993
Author(s)
M. Y. Choi, Anthony Hamins, Takashi Kashiwagi
Radiative heat transfer processes in large fires govern the burning rate, the flame spread rate and the potential for fire hazards. These processes are controlled by the detailed structure of the fire, primarily the temperature and soot distributions. In

Computer-Aided Molecular Design of Fire Resistant Aircraft Materials

February 9, 1993
Author(s)
Marc R. Nyden, James E. Brown
Molecular dynamic simulations and Cone Calorimeter measurements were used to assess the effects of electron beam irradiation and heat treatments on the flammability of the honeycomb composites used in the sidewalls, ceilings and stowage bins of commercial

Non-Halogenated, Flame Retarded Polycarbonate

February 9, 1993
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Thomas G. Cleary, G C. Davis, J H. Lupinski
Various flammability properties of a siloxane-containing bisphenol-A polycarbonate sample, with the siloxane as an additive or as a copolymer, were measured and compared with those of a pure polycarbonate sample. The results show that the peak heat release

Effects of Sample Mounting on Flammability Properties of Intumescent Polymers

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Thomas G. Cleary
Various flammability properties of polycarbonate samples were measured with the Cone Calorimeter and Lateral Ignition and Flame Spread, LIFT, devices at various external fluxes. Four different sample mountings were used with the Cone Calorimeter to

Global Density Effects on the Self-Preservation Behavior of Turbulent Free Jets

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
C D. Richards, William M. Pitts
An experimental investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that all axisymmetric turbulent free jets become asymptotically independent of the source conditions and may be described by classical similarity analysis. Effects of initial conditions were

Greatly Enhanced Soot Scattering in Flickering CH4/Air Diffusion Flames

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
K C. Smyth, J E. Harrington, Erik L. Johnsson, William M. Pitts
Planar images of laser-induced fluorescence from OH radicals and elastic scattering from soot particles are presented in time-varying laminar CH4/air diffusion flames burning in a co-flowing, axisymmetric configuration at atmospheric pressure. Acoustic

Heterogeneous Combustion

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang
The term "heterogeneous" in this chapter is used loosely to refer to systems in which there are two phases. Under this classification, the subject of heterogeneous combustion is so broad that it is impossible to cover every aspect of it in this chapter

Improvement in Predicting Smoke Movement in Compartmented Structures

January 1, 1993
Author(s)
Walter W. Jones, Glenn P. Forney
This paper describes improvements which have been made in the CFAST model of fire growth and smoke transport for compartmented structures. In particular, we are interested in the ability to model the movement of toxic gases from the room of origin of a
Displaying 3276 - 3300 of 3892
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