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Fire

Fire modeling

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Displaying 126 - 150 of 157

A Literature Review of the Effects of Fire Smoke on Electrical Equipment

July 31, 2012
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Thomas G. Cleary, Paul A. Reneke, Daniel Murphy
A review is presented of the state of the art of smoke production measurement, prediction of smoke impact as part of computer-based fire modeling, and measurement and prediction of the impact of smoke through deposition of soot on and corrosion of

Verification and Validation Process of a Fire Model

June 18, 2012
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Simo A. Hostikka
Fire simulation tools are used frequently in the fire safety assessment of nuclear and other industrial installations. They are also used in the context of probabilistic fire risk assessment as deterministic models providing the relation between the random

Proposed General Approach to Fire-Safety Scenarios

May 29, 2012
Author(s)
Amanda P. Robbins, Erica D. Kuligowski, Steve M. Gwynne
A systematic approach to the identification of fire-safety scenarios for analysis is desirable in order to identify important scenarios and to help ensure a consistent approach for different analysts. The number of possible fire-safety scenarios in any

CFD Modeling of Fire

January 11, 2012
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Randall J. McDermott, Glenn P. Forney, Jason E. Floyd, Simo A. Hostikka, Howard R. Baum
An overview of a methodology for simulating fires and other thermally-driven, low-speed flows is presented. The model employs a number of simplifications of the governing equations that allow for relatively fast simulations of practical fire scenarios. The

MEASUREMENTS OF EFFECTIVE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF HELIUM AND HYDROGEN THROUGH GYPSUM

September 14, 2011
Author(s)
Jiann Yang, William M. Pitts, Marco Fernandez, Kuldeep Prasad
An experimental apparatus, which was based on the ¿-scale garage previously used for studying helium release and dispersion in our laboratory, was used to obtain effective diffusion coefficients of helium and hydrogen (released as forming gas for safety

A Note on Visualizing Smoke and Fire

August 15, 2011
Author(s)
Glenn P. Forney
Realistic visualization methods are important for applications where one wishes to observe data effects rather than examine data quantitatively. This note documents how the radiation transport equation (RTE) and associated numerical algorithms are used by

A Simple Reaction Time Scale for Under-Resolved Fire Dynamics

June 20, 2011
Author(s)
Randall J. McDermott, Kevin B. McGrattan, Jason E. Floyd
A reaction time scale model is developed for use in the eddy dissipation concept (fast chemistry limit) closure of the mean chemical source term in large-eddy simulation of fires. The novel aspect of the model is to consider a scaling regime for coarse

CFD Simulations on Extinction of Co-Flow Diffusion Flames

June 19, 2011
Author(s)
Randall J. McDermott, Jukka Vaari, Jason E. Floyd
An improved flame extinguishing criterion is implemented to the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for gaseous suppressants under the lumped species model with transport-limited combustion (infinitely fast chemistry). The criterion considers the total enthalpy

After the Alarm Sounds: How We Got Here, Where We Are, and Where We Should Go

April 1, 2011
Author(s)
Jason D. Averill, Erica D. Kuligowski, Richard D. Peacock
This article reviews the history of egress design and code requirements in the United States, describes the current state-of-the-art in egress design and modeling, and offers a strawman research agenda for future egress research.

Quantifying Model Error

February 11, 2011
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Blaza Toman
A methodology is proposed for reporting the results of fire model validation studies that consist mainly of comparisons of model predictions and experimental measurements. The difference between the two is a combination of model error and experimental

Discriminating Between Smoldering and Flaming Fires Using Alarm Signals

January 3, 2011
Author(s)
William D. Davis
Strategies are developed that make use of signals from smoke and heat alarms to deduce conditions in a room for both flaming and smoldering fires. The issue addressed is to determine how to provide useful information to incident command for smoldering

MODELING THE BURNING OF COMPLICATED OBJECTS USING LAGRANGIAN PARTICLES

July 4, 2010
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Randall J. McDermott, William E. Mell, Glenn P. Forney, Jason E. Floyd, Simo A. Hostikka
A methodology is described for representing complicated objects within a computational fluid dynamics model. These objects are typically collections of similar items that are too small to define on the numerical grid that is used to solve the governing

The wildland-urban interface fire problem - Current approaches and Research Needs

March 1, 2010
Author(s)
William E. Mell, Samuel L. Manzello, Alexander Maranghides, David T. Butry, Ronald G. Rehm
Wildfires that spread into wildland-urban interface (WUI) communities present significant challenges on a number of fronts. In the United States the WUI accounts for a significant portion of wildland fire suppression and wildland fuel treatment costs

Virtual Cement and Concrete

September 1, 2009
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Bullard, Chiara C. Ferraris, Edward Garboczi, Nicos Martys, Paul E. Stutzman, Judith E. Terrill
Design and optimization of cement or concrete mixes typically is accomplished by intensive trial-and-error experimentation, primarily because the design space has many parameters and because interactions between these parameters are incompletely understood

Compilation of Data on the Sublethal Effects of Fire Effluent

August 28, 2009
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
The NRC is developing guidance for performing quantitative human reliability analysis for post-fire mitigative human actions modeled in a fire probability risk assessment. In some of the scenarios, operators are assumed to be exposed to the fire effluent

FDS Wall Flows Part I: Straight Channels

July 10, 2009
Author(s)
Randall J. McDermott
We perform calculations of 2D laminar and 3D turbulent channel flow with periodic streamwise boundary conditions. From the laminar results we verify that the FDS wall boundary condition is second-order accurate. For the turbulent cases we adapt the wall
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