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Fire

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Displaying 1126 - 1150 of 3901

The Process of Human Behavior in Fires

July 13, 2009
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
Evacuation models, including engineering hand calculations and computational tools, are used to evaluate the level of safety provided by buildings during evacuation. However, there is a lack of available data and theory on occupant behavior for use by

Long-Term Performance of Nano-Filled Polymeric Materials: Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on Photodegradation of a Waterborne Polyurethane Coating

July 8, 2009
Author(s)
Xiaohong Gu, Dongmei Zhe, Minhua Zhao, Guodong Chen, Nhieu Ly, Paul E. Stutzman, Li Piin Sung, Tinh Nguyen, Joannie W. Chin
Polymers are widely used as exterior coatings in buildings, bridges, aircrafts and automobiles for both protection and aesthetic purposes. However, the service life of the applied coatings is limited due to the photodegradation of polymers induced by

Comprehensive Evaluation of AIMS Texture, Angularity, and Dimension Measurements

July 3, 2009
Author(s)
Enad M. Mahmoud, Leslie L. Gates, Eyad A. Masad, Sinan T. Erdogan, Edward Garboczi
Aggregates are the most widely used construction materials in the world in structures built from both asphaltic and portland cement concrete composites. The performance of these composites is affected by aggregate shape characteristics (e.g., angularity

CYCLE D Version 4.0: Theoretical Vapor Compression Cycle Design Program

June 23, 2009
Author(s)
J S. Brown, Piotr A. Domanski
This paper presents Version 4.0 of the CYCLE_D: NIST Vapor Compression Cycle Design Program. The model can simulate a basic subcritical or transcritical refrigeration cycle, both with or without a liquidline/ suction-line heat exchanger. In addition, the

Stairwell Evacuation from Buildings: What We Know We Don't Know

June 12, 2009
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Jason D. Averill, Erica D. Kuligowski
Occupant descent down stairwells during building evacuations is typically described by measureable engineering variables such as stairwell geometry, speed, density, and pre-evacuation delay. In turn, predictive models of building evacuation use these

The Process of Human Behavior in Fires

May 15, 2009
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
Evacuation models, including engineering hand calculations and computational tools, are used to evaluate the level of safety provided by buildings during evacuation. However, there is a lack of available data and theory on occupant behavior for use by

The Origin of Critical Relative Humidity in Adhesion

May 11, 2009
Author(s)
Christopher C. White, Kar T. Tan, Bryan D. Vogt, Donald L. Hunston
Water is ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Unfortunately, adhesive bonding is susceptible to the environmental attack of water leading to significant depreciation in joint strength and subsequently to premature failures [1-6]. This susceptibility of bonding to

Calculation of Relative Thermal Elongation of Structural Steels

May 2, 2009
Author(s)
Dilip K. Banerjee, Ursula R. Kattner
In the recent past, there has been a number of studies toward predicting the thermal and structural behavior of components subjected to elevated temperature due to an exposure to fire. Numerical modeling has been applied quite extensively toward this end

Economic Analysis of Egress and Life Safety Costs

April 27, 2009
Author(s)
Robert E. Chapman, Allison L. Huang, David T. Butry
In 2007, the latest year for which construction data are available, the value of construction put in place was $1.1 trillion. Statistics on the total cost of fire in the U.S. are published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Of particular

Extending the Mixture Fraction Concept to Address Under-Ventilated Fires

April 6, 2009
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Jason E. Floyd
A common technique in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of fire is to assume single step, infinitely fast combustion, in which case the transport equations of all gas species can be combined into one for a single conserved scalar called the

Fire-Front Propagation Using the Level Set Method

April 1, 2009
Author(s)
Ronald G. Rehm, Randall J. McDermott
Propagation of an outdoor fire front in wildland or in a combination of wildland and structural fuels (the so-called wildland-urban interface or WUI fire), can be modeled as an initial-value problem using either a Lagrangian or an Eulerian description. The

A History of Fire Testing: Past, Present, and Future.

March 30, 2009
Author(s)
James R. Lawson
This paper discusses the breakthroughs in science and engineering that have brought fire testing technology to its current state of maturity and provides insight into the possibilities for future fire test development by highlighting some areas where

A History of Fire Testing: Past, Present, and Future.

March 30, 2009
Author(s)
James R. Lawson
This paper discusses the breakthroughs in science and engineering that have brought fire testing technology to its current state of maturity and provides insight into the possibilities for future fire test development by highlighting some areas where

Mass Notification Messages: Workshop Proceedings

March 30, 2009
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Richard D. Peacock, Jason D. Averill, Richard W. Bukowski
This workshop provided a forum to discuss research and best practices regarding mass notification message creation and dissemination. The goal of the workshop was to provide a forum where representatives from federal agencies could exchange ideas and

A History of Fire Testing and New Opportunities Past, Present, and Future

March 20, 2009
Author(s)
James R. Lawson
This paper discusses the breakthroughs in science and engineering that have brought fire testing technology to its current state of maturity and provides insight into the possibilities for future fire test development by highlighting some areas where

A History of Fire Testing.

March 20, 2009
Author(s)
James R. Lawson
This paper discusses the breakthroughs in science and engineering that have brought fire testing technology to its current state of maturity and provides insight into the possibilities for future fire test development by highlighting some areas where
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