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Methodology for Formulating Diesel Surrogate Fuels with Accurate Compositional, Ignition-Quality, and Volatility Characteristics

May 14, 2012

Author(s)

Charles J. Mueller, William J. Cannella, Thomas J. Bruno, Bruce Bunting, Heather Dettman, James A. Franz, Marcia L. Huber, Mani Natarajan, William J. Pitz, Matthew A. Ratcliff, Ken Wright

In this work a novel approach is developed to formulate surrogate fuels having characteristics that are representative of diesel fuels produced from real-world refinery streams. Because diesel fuels consist of hundreds of compounds, it is difficult to

Materials Challenges in Carbon Mitigation Technologies

April 24, 2012

Author(s)

Laura Espinal, Bryan D. Morreale

Thermochemical conversion of fossil fuels currently dominates the national and global energy portfolio, with the most notable being the stationary power production and transportation vehicles sectors. As global energy demand continues to increase

Hydrogen storage in rapidly solidified and crystallized Mg-Ni-(Y,La)-Pd alloys

April 9, 2012

Author(s)

Eric Lass

Amorphous-crystalline composite ribbons of quaternary Mg-Ni-(Y,La)-Pd alloys are produced via rapidly solidification and used as precursors for creating nanocrystalline hydrogen storage materials. The resulting materials demonstrate relatively high

Pressure-Controlled Advanced Distillation Curve Analysis of Biodiesel Fuels: Assessment of Thermal Decomposition

April 5, 2012

Author(s)

Thomas J. Bruno, Bret Windom

One of the most important properties measured for liquid fuels is the volatility, usually as expressed by the distillation curve. In previous work, we introduced the composition explicit or advanced distillation curve (ADC) metrology, which we have applied

Volatility of Mixtures of JP-8 with Biomass Derived Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet Fuels by the Composition Explicit Distillation Curve Method

February 28, 2012

Author(s)

Jean Van Buren, Kathryn Abel, Tara Lovestead, Thomas J. Bruno

In recent years, civilian and military users of aviation kerosene have been interested in expanding the scope of fuel feed stocks to include non-petroleum sources. The most well known examples of such alternative sources of fuel are the Fisher-Tropsch

Modeling the Vapor Pressure of Biodiesel Fuels

February 22, 2012

Author(s)

O. Castellanos Diaz, F. Schoeggl, H.W. Yarranton, Marco Satyro, Tara Lovestead, Thomas J. Bruno

The composition, vapour pressure, and heat capacity of nine biodiesel fuels from different sources were measured. The vapour pressure of the biodiesel fuels is modeled assuming an ideal liquid phase of the fatty acid methyl esters constituting the fuel

Pressure Dependence and Branching Ratios in the Decomposition of 1-Pentyl Radicals: Shock Tube Experiments and Master Equation Modeling

February 22, 2012

Author(s)

Iftikhar A. Awan, Donald R. Burgess Jr., Jeffrey A. Manion

The decomposition and intramolecular H-transfer isomerization reactions of the 1 pentyl radical have been studied at temperatures of 900 K to 1050 K and pressures of 0.8 bar to 6 bar using the single pulse shock tube technique and additionally investigated

Density, Speed of Sound, and Viscosity Measurements of Reference Materials for Biofuels

February 10, 2012

Author(s)

Arno R. Laesecke, Tara J. Fortin, Jolene D. Splett

Measurements of density, speed of sound, and viscosity have been carried out on liquid standard reference materials for biofuels as a function of temperature at ambient pressure. The samples included anhydrous and hydrated bioethanol and two biodiesels

Measurements and Modeling Study on a High-Aromatic Diesel Fuel

January 31, 2012

Author(s)

Bret Windom, Marcia L. Huber, Thomas J. Bruno, A L. Lown, C T. Lira

The increasing cost of diesel fuel, potential for supply disruptions, and environmental concerns have resulted in a great deal of research to improve the performance and efficiency of diesel engines. This includes significant efforts in the reformulation

Fluid properties needed in supercritical transesterification of triglyceride feedstocks to biodiesel fuels for efficient and clean combustion - A review*

January 27, 2012

Author(s)

George G. Anitescu, Thomas J. Bruno

This review is focused on potential synergy between supercritical (SC) fluid properties and processing/combustion of biodiesel fuels. These fuels are the blending additives of choice for petroleum derived diesel fuels (PDDF) due to overall better

Liquid Biofuels: Fluid Properties to Optimize Feedstock Selection, Processing, Refining/Blending, Storage/Trasnportation, and Combustion

January 23, 2012

Author(s)

George G. Anitescu, Thomas J. Bruno

As the availability of petroleum based liquid fuels is becoming increasingly problematic, alternative renewable biofuels attract growing R&D and industry interest. The focus is to produce fuels with desired properties in both technically and economically

Comparison of Diesel Fuel Oxygenates with Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method Part 4: Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Butanoic Acid

January 2, 2012

Author(s)

Thomas J. Bruno, Jessica L. Burger, Evgenii Baibourine

There is a great deal of interest in formulating oxygenated diesel fuels that produce low particulate emissions. In this paper, the fourth in a series of papers on the properties of mixtures of diesel fuel with oxygenating additives, we present the

Development of a combinatorial characterization scheme for high-throughput investigations of hydrogen storage materials.

December 16, 2011

Author(s)

Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Z. Tan, H. Oguchi, Chun Chiu, Edwin J. Heilweil, James E. Maslar, Leonid A. Bendersky

In order to reliably increase the throughput of materials measured for hydrogen storage properties, a complete high-throughput characterization scheme has been developed that accurately measures the hydrogen storage properties of materials in quantities

Predicting the Optimal Dopant Concentration in Gadolinium Doped Ceria: A Kinetic Lattice Monte Carlo Approach

November 7, 2011

Author(s)

Pratik Dholabhai, Shahriar Anwar, James B. Adams, Peter A. Crozier, Renu Sharma

Gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) is a promising alternative electrolyte material for solid oxide fuel cells that offers the possibility of operation in the intermediate temperature range (773 K to 1073 K). To determine the optimal dopant concentration in GDC

In Search of Enhanced Electrolyte Materials: A Case Study of Doubly Doped Ceria

October 28, 2011

Author(s)

Pratik Dholabhai, James B. Adams, Peter A. Crozier, Renu Sharma

Various compositions of gadolinium-praseodymium doubly doped ceria (GPDC) have been studied to appreciate the effect of two co-dopants in enhancing the ionic conductivity. A Kinetic Lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) model of vacancy diffusion in GPDC has been

Reversible hydrogen storage at reduced temperatures in the intermetallic compound Mg6(Ni,Pd)

October 13, 2011

Author(s)

Eric Lass

A rapidly-solidified Mg-Ni-Pd alloy is shown to exhibit reversible hydrogen-storage of 5 mass % H near atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 473 K, nearly 100 K below temperatures typically required for Mg-based alloys. Additionally, a single plateau is

Compressed-Liquid Density Measurements of Methyl Oleate and Methyl Linoleate

September 30, 2011

Author(s)

Stephanie L. Outcalt

Compressed liquid densities of the fatty acid methyl esters methyl linoleate and methyl oleate have been measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. The temperature and pressure range of the measured data is from 270 K to 470 K, and 0.5 MPa to 50 MPa. The

Assessment of the Composition and Distillation Properties of Thermally Stressed RP-1 and RP-2: Application to Fuel Regenerative Cooling

September 28, 2011

Author(s)

Bret Windom, Thomas J. Bruno

In this work, we measured the volatility of thermally stressed samples of RP-1 and RP-2 rocket kerosenes by use of the advanced distillation curve method. This work is part of a large program at NIST and other laboratories geared toward improving the

Characterization of Renewable Fuels and Additives with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method

August 28, 2011

Author(s)

Thomas J. Bruno, Tara M. Lovestead, Bret Windom

The analysis of complex fluids such as fuels poses significant challenges arising primarily from the multiplicity of components, the different properties of the components (polarity, polarizability, etc) and matrix properties (such as dirty samples)

O2 A-band line parameters to support atmospheric remote sensing. Part II: The rare isotopologues

July 21, 2011

Author(s)

Joseph T. Hodges, David A. Long, Daniel K. Havey, S. S. Yu, M Okumura, Charles E. Miller

Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) was employed to measure over 100 transitions in the R-branch of the b1Σg+←X3Σg-(0,0) band for the rare O2 isotopologues. The use of 17O- and 18O-enriched mixtures allowed for line positions to be

Density and Speed of Sound Measurements of Two Synthetic Aviation Turbine

June 29, 2011

Author(s)

Stephanie L. Outcalt, Tara J. Fortin

Rising prices and the uncertain supply of petroleum based aviation fuels have led to an interest in substitute fuels made from non-petroleum sources. Synthetic isoparaffinic kerosenes (S-IPK) are among the most promising alternatives. Two instruments were

Hydrogen storage measurements in novel Mg-based nanostructures produced via rapid solidification and devitrification

June 22, 2011

Author(s)

Eric Lass

Nanostructured materials for hydrogen storage with a composition of Mg85Ni15-xMx (M=Y or La, x=0 or 5) are formed by devitrification of amorphous and amorphous-nanocrystalline precursors produced by melt-spinning. All three compositions exhibit a maximum

PDH-locked, frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer

June 16, 2011

Author(s)

Joseph T. Hodges, A. Cygan, Piotr Maslowski, Katarzyna E. Bielska, S. Wojtewicz, J. Domyslawska, Hisashi Abe, R.S. Trawinski, R. Ciurylo

We describe a high sensitivity and high spectral resolution laser absorption spectrometer based upon the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) technique. We used the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method to lock the probe laser to the high

QUANTIFICATION OF A PRECISION POINT SOURCE FOR GENERATING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

June 10, 2011

Author(s)

Robert P. Borthwick, Matthew Bundy

This study provides an analysis of the uncertainty of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from an 8 MW natural gas burner. A precise and accurate point source for industrial quantities of carbon dioxide can be used to evaluate the performance of stack gas

Comparison of Diesel Fuel Oxygenate Additives with Composition-Explicit Distillation Curve Method Part 3: t-Butyl Glycerols

May 2, 2011

Author(s)

Tara Lovestead, Thomas J. Bruno

Interest in the domestic production of all fuels, sparked by the high cost of petroleum crude oil, has led to consideration of fluids to replace or extend conventional petroleum-derived fuels. There is particular interest in formulating oxygenated diesel