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Dongheon Ha, Yohan Yoon, Ik Jae Park, Paul M. Haney, Nikolai B. Zhitenev
Photocurrent generation of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) hybrid perovskite solar cells is observed at the nanoscale using near-field scanning photocurrent microscopy (NSPM). We examine how the spatial map of photocurrent at individual grains or
Numerous demonstrations of net-zero energy homes show that these houses are technically feasible, yet the approach to generating that annual energy balance could impact how the homes impact the utility grid or on-site storage applications. It is contended
Multi-fluid models for highly accurate multiparameter equations of state have been applied very successfully in the past years in order to accurately model thermophysical properties of mixtures. However, the predictive capabilities of this type of mixture
Joshua D. Kneifel, Eric G. O'Rear, David Webb, Anne Landfield Greig, Sangwon Suh
Building stakeholders need practical metrics, data, and tools to support decisions related to sustainable building designs, technologies, standards, and codes. The Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has
Ian H. Bell, Piotr A. Domanski, Gregory T. Linteris, Mark O. McLinden
We investigate refrigerant blends as possible low-GWP (global warming potential) alternatives for R134a in an air-conditioning application. We carried out an exhaustive screening of the binary and ternary blends possible among a list of 10 pure
Ian H. Bell, Jerome Frutiger, Howard Cheung, Jens Abildskov, Gurkan Sin, Shengwei Wang
In previous literature, the uncertainty analyses of experimental results of air conditioners usually ignored the uncertainty due to the equation of state (EoS) of the refrigerants. One possible reason was that the uncertainty reported in the EoS literature
Piotr A. Domanski, Mark O. McLinden, Andrei F. Kazakov, J S. Brown, Riccardo Brignoli, Jaehyeok Heo, Janusz Wojtusiak
The presentation discusses the application of refrigerants from the beginnings of artificial cold in the era of industrial revolution to the currently used fluids, and the refrigerant options in response to environmental concerns. The outlook for new
A major challenge for future wide area measurement systems is how to efficiently monitor and control the power system, which requires accurate and real-time tracking of the phase, frequency, and Power Factor (PF) of the system. The presence of inter and
The goals of this talk are: 1.) Understand that flammability behavior is device/configuration dependent, and 2.) Understand the features that influence the flammability behavior of a fuel-air mixture.
HVAC-Cx is a software tool designed to facilitate performance analysis for mechanical equipment buildings. It is used for ongoing monitoring and provides the ability to detect faults related to improper operation, using expert rules to present results of
This paper provides an overview of important considerations for high-performance residential buildings as well as specific lessons learned during the design, construction, and operation of the Net-ZeroEnergy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF). First, the
Elizabeth C. Balke, G. F. Nellis, S. A. Klein, Harrison Skye, Tania Ullah
The NIST Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) is a highly instrumented, highly configurable, single-family, net-zero energy house occupied by a virtual family of four. A detailed transient model of the NZERTF and the accompanying mechanical
Arthur H. Fanney, William V. Payne, Joshua D. Kneifel, Lisa C. Ng, Brian P. Dougherty, Tania Ullah, William M. Healy, Farhad Omar
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has embarked on a multi-year project to establish that a residence can generate, through the use of renewables, the same amount of energy as it consumes while meeting the energy needs of a typical