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Two different models of 190 L (50 gallon) residential electric water heaters were tested to investigate problems that arise in determining their energy efficiencies due to the steep temperature gradient near the lower heating element. This gradient makes
This paper investigates the significance of several micro-effects that have been proposed to influence pressure drop measurements in microchannels. Pressure drop measurements were made for liquid flow within tubular microchannels nominally ranging in
Commissioning methods and tools are required to ensure that advanced components and systems reach their technical potential and operate energy efficiently. Likewise, they should strive to improve the energy efficiency of conventional and advanced existing