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Displaying 376 - 400 of 560

Evolution of electrochemical interfaces in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC): a Ni and Zr resonant anomalous ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering studywith elemental and spatial resolution across the cell assembly

June 1, 2014

Author(s)

Andrew J. Allen, Jan Ilavsky, Pete R. Jemian, Artur Braun

Electrochemical interfaces are key to the direct conversion of fuels to electrical energy and lend energy converters like solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) their functionality. Over extended operation at high temperatures, the microstructure of the underlying

Large-area irradiance-mode spectral response measurements of solar cells by a light-emitting-diode- based integrating sphere source

May 30, 2014

Author(s)

Behrang H. Hamadani, John F. Roller, Andrew M. Shore, Brian P. Dougherty, Howard W. Yoon

An irradiance-mode absolute differential spectral response measurement system based on a light emitting diode (LED) array is described. The LEDs are coupled to an integrating sphere whose output irradiance is uniform to better than 2 % over an area of 160

An Uncertainty Analysis of Mean Flow Velocity Measurements Used to Quantify Emissions from Stationary Sources

May 20, 2014

Author(s)

Rodney A. Bryant, Olatunde B. Sanni, Elizabeth F. Moore, Matthew F. Bundy, Aaron N. Johnson

Point velocity measurements conducted by traversing a pitot tube across the cross section of a flow conduit continues to be the standard practice for evaluating the accuracy of continuous flow monitoring devices. Such velocity traverses were conducted in

Thermochromic Phase Transitions in VO2-based Thin Films for Energy-Saving Applications

May 14, 2014

Author(s)

Sara C. Barron, Justin M. Gorham, Martin L. Green

The thermochromic transition in vanadium dioxide has potential application as a smart energy-saving window coating, but the temperature of the transition must be depressed from 68°C to Earth ambient temperatures by the incorporation of transition metal

Beyond Standard Efficiency Ratings

May 6, 2014

Author(s)

David A. Yashar

Detecting Faults in Building Air Handling Units - A Background Study for Developing Intelligent Agents for Optimizing Building HVAC Systems

May 1, 2014

Author(s)

George E. Kelly, Steven T. Bushby

One approach to the optimization of building heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems involves the use of intelligent agents. These Agents can be used for minimizing energy consumption, maximizing occupant comfort, fault detection

Residential Home Performance Contracting Round Robin Guidelines

April 17, 2014

Author(s)

Michael Lubliner, Rick Kunkle, David Hales, Melinda Spencer

These guidelines describe the important considerations for planning, conducting, analyzing, and disseminating the results of a Home Performance Contactor (HPC) round robin study of a specific aspect of the HPC industry services. The round robin study

Normalized Performance Parameters for a Residential Heat Pump in the Cooling Mode with Single Faults Imposed

March 3, 2014

Author(s)

William V. Payne, Jin M. Cho, Piotr A. Domanski

The performance of a residential split heat pump in the cooling mode operating under nine faults was described using normalized performance parameters determined from a ratio of the faulty value to the no-fault value obtained from heat pump tests in

Power Supply Issues for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

March 1, 2014

Author(s)

Wenqi Guo, William M. Healy, Mengchu Zhou

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have enabled numerous embedded wireless applications in different areas such as military/battlefield, environmental monitoring, and intelligent building systems. They consist of a large number of nodes that need to operate

A THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF REFRIGERANTS: PERFORMANCE LIMITS OF THE VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE

October 24, 2013

Author(s)

Piotr A. Domanski, J S. Brown, Janusz Wojtusiak, Mark O. McLinden

This paper explores the thermodynamic performance limits of the vapor compression cycle. In particular, we apply evolutionary algorithms to explore the performance of thousands of hypothetical refrigerants defined by their thermodynamic parameters used by

Benefits and Costs of Energy Standard Adoption in New Commercial Buildings: State-by-State Summaries

September 30, 2013

Author(s)

Joshua D. Kneifel

Energy efficiency requirements in current commercial building energy codes vary across states. Energy standards that are currently adopted by states range from ASHRAE 90.1 1999 to ASHRAE 90.1 2007. Some states do not have a code requirement for energy

Building Industry Reporting and Design for Sustainability (BIRDS) Technical Manual and User Guide

September 30, 2013

Author(s)

Barbara C. Lippiatt, Joshua D. Kneifel, Priya Lavappa, Sangwon Suh, Anne Landfield Greig

Building stakeholders need practical metrics, data, and tools to support decisions related to sustainable building designs, technologies, standards, and codes. The Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has

Energy Performance of the NIST Net Zero Energy Residential Test Facility relative to a Maryland Code- Compliant Design

September 30, 2013

Author(s)

Joshua D. Kneifel

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) received funding through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) to construct a Net Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF). The initial goal of the NZERTF is to demonstrate that a