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Displaying 476 - 500 of 846

Refrigeration Methods for Superconductors

December 1, 2002
Author(s)
Ray Radebaugh
This chapter reviews various methods commonly used for achieving the cryogenic temperatures required of superconducting materials. The problems associated with cryogenic refrigerators (cryocoolers), such as poor reliability, low efficiency, electromagnetic

All-NbN Digital-to-Analog Converters for a Programmable Voltage Standard

November 21, 2001
Author(s)
Hirotake Yamamori, M. Itoh, H. Sasaki, A. Shoji, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus
Five-bit all-NbN digital-to-analog converters (DACs) for a programmable voltage standard have been fabricated using NbN/TiNx/NbN Josephson junctions and their operation has been demonstrated. The DAC consists of six arrays of 128, 128, 256, 512, 1024 and

Broadband Josephson Voltage Standards

May 20, 2001
Author(s)
Clark A. Hamilton, Samuel P. Benz
A Josephson junction is a perfect frequency to voltage converter, that is, V=f/K j where K j = 483597.9 GHz/V. This unique property has been used to convert a narrow (1 Hz) band 75 GHz reference frequency to a dc voltage standard. Josephson standards use

Coplanar Transmission Lines with Meandering Center Conductors in Y-Ba-Cu-O/Au Bilayers

June 1, 1999
Author(s)
C Weber, Ronald H. Ono, James Booth, Leila R. Vale, Samuel Benz, A. M. Klushin, H. Kohlstedt, R. Semerad
We have investigated both conventional and meandering coplanar microwave transmission lines patterned in Y-Ba-Cu-O/Au bilayers on yttria-stablized zirconia and sapphire substrates. Within the meandering waveguides, the gentre conductor was deformed from a

Operating Margins for a Superconducting Voltage Waveform Synthesizer

June 1, 1999
Author(s)
Samuel Benz, Clark A. Hamilton, Charles J. Burroughs
Operating margins for biolar superconducting voltage waveform synthesizer were measured. Current ranges were determined for 101 equally spaced dc voltage steps between - 18.6 and + 18.6 mV. The measured voltages of these steps deviated from the expected
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