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The engineering design practice may include fire protection design of steel structures in large volumes. Prescriptive methods in fire codes are based on the concept of fire compartmentation and might be inapplicable to large volumes. As an alternative
Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) can be used to commission and maintain the performance of residential style, split-system, air conditioners and heat pumps. Previous investigations by various researchers have provided techniques for detecting and
Refrigerant working fluids have been predicted to be large contributors to the increase in radiative forcing of the earth. Consequently, existing compounds will soon be phased out. Low- GWP replacements exist, but they tend to be mildly flammable, and
Lisa C. Ng, Dustin G. Poppendieck, William S. Dols, Brian P. Dougherty, Steven J. Emmerich
Buildings used 39 % of all energy used in the United States in 2017, with residential buildings and commercial buildings accounting for 20 % and 19% (EIA 2018) respectively. Zero energy buildings have the potential to help extend and accelerate the recent
Lisa Y. Choe, Selvarajah Ramesh, Matthew S. Hoehler, John L. Gross
The National Institute of Standards and Technology recently expanded its large-scale structural-fire testing capabilities in the National Fire Research Laboratory. A landmark test series is being conducted on long-span steel-concrete composite floor beams
Gregory T. Linteris, Fumiaki Takahashi, Viswanath R. Katta, Valeri I. Babushok
Computations of cup-burner flames in normal gravity have been performed using propane as the fuel to reveal the combustion inhibition and enhancement by the CF3Br (halon 1301) and potential alternative fire-extinguishing agents (C2HF5, C2HF3Cl2, and
A mathematical model is presented for a new-generation guarded-hot-plate apparatus to measure the thermal conductivity of insulation materials. This apparatus will be used to provide standard reference materials for greater ranges of temperature and
Jamie L. Weaver, Rolf Sjoblom, Eva Hjarthner-Holdar, Carolyn Pearce, Erik Ogenhall, Mia Englund, John McCloy, David Peeler, Albert Kruger
Although the modern understanding of chemistry dates back only around 300 years, many of the processes and products used today were actually originally developed by ancient people. However, much of such ancient knowledge has been lost, as is the case for
Lisa C. Ng, Dustin G. Poppendieck, William S. Dols, Steven J. Emmerich
The National Institute of Standards and Technology constructed the Net-Zero Energy (NZE) Residential Test Facility to support the development and adoption of cost-effective NZE designs and technologies. Source control approaches were implemented that
HVAC-Cx is a software tool designed to facilitate performance analysis for mechanical equipment buildings. It is used for ongoing monitoring and provides the ability to detect faults related to improper operation, using expert rules to present results of
Stephanie S. Watson, Chiara C. Ferraris, Jason D. Averill
The resilience of U.S. communities, defined as the "ability to withstand and recover rapidly from disruptive events," is directly dependent upon the ability of the built environment to maintain and support the functions upon which modern society has come
Dat Duthinh, Joseph A. Main, Matthew L. Gierson, Brian M. Phillips
This paper presents a methodology for analyzing wind pressure data on cladding and components of low-rise buildings. The aerodynamic force acting on a specified area is obtained by summing up pressure time series measured at that areas pressure taps times
Estimating properties of the distribution of the peak of a stationary process from a single finite realization is a problem that arises in a variety of science and engineering applications. Further, it is often the case that the realization is of length T
Dat Duthinh, Matthew L. Gierson, Philip N. Bryan, Bilal Ayyub
External pressure coefficients specified in the ASCE 7-10 Standard, used to determine design wind pressures for the components and cladding of buildings, are developed from wind tunnel test data that date back 30 to 50 years. In recent decades, advances in
Emil Simiu, Adam L. Pintar, Dat Duthinh, DongHun Yeo
A 2005 Skidmore Owings and Merrill report notes that the ASCE 7 Standard is incomplete insofar as it provides no guidance on wind load factors appropriate for use with the Standards wind tunnel procedure. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to such
In this study, two halogen-free inorganic flame retardants, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) were added to wood-flour/polypropylene composites (WPCs) at different APP to ATH mass ratios and at a constant total flame retardant
Microfine aggregates are aggregates, formed naturally or in a crushing process, that pass a #200 ASTM sieve, so are considered to have an equivalent spherical diameter less than about 75 m. In this paper, for the first time we capture true 3-D shape and
Kathryn M. Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Marco G. Fernandez, Mariusz Zarzecki, Eric Auth
Combustible fences have been identified in post-fire investigations of wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires as potential threats to homes and other structures. They may ignite due to direct fire contact or firebrands, they may conduct fire along their
This paper provides an overview of important considerations for high-performance residential buildings as well as specific lessons learned during the design, construction, and operation of the Net-ZeroEnergy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF). First, the
Elizabeth C. Balke, G. F. Nellis, S. A. Klein, Harrison Skye, Tania Ullah
The NIST Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) is a highly instrumented, highly configurable, single-family, net-zero energy house occupied by a virtual family of four. A detailed transient model of the NZERTF and the accompanying mechanical
NIST conducted a series of tests to characterize the indoor CO concentrations resulting from portable generators operating in the attached garage of a house under various use and environmental conditions. An extensive model validation effort using the
Alex Olivas, Chiara C. Ferraris, Nicos Martys, Edward Garboczi, Blaza Toman, William L. George
Rheological measurements are often performed using a rotational rheometer. In this type of rheometer, the tested fluid is sheared between two surfaces, one of which acts as the rotating surface [1]. Usually, the rotational velocity is imposed and the
The behavior of high-strength structural steel at elevated temperatures, especially under shear loading, is not well established in the literature. This paper presents results from recently conducted tests on high-strength structural bolts subject to
Mina S. Seif, Jonathan M. Weigand, Rafaela Peixoto, Luiz Vieira
During fire events, connections in steel structures may be subjected to large unanticipated deformations and loads. Those fire effects can produce failures of connections, including local buckling of the connection zone, rupture of connection plates, shear