Recollections on Sixty Years of NBS Ionizing Radiation Programs for Energetic X Rays and Electrons

Published

December 1, 2006

Author(s)

H W. Koch

Abstract

The history of NBS/NIST Ionizing Radiation Programs for Photons and Electrons from 1928 to 1988 is reviewed. The Council on Ionizing Radiation Measurements and Standards (CIRMS) fas formed in 1992. This article describes how the standards and technology of measuring x rays, gamma rays, and electrons with energies above 1 MeV began at NBS and how it progressed. It also suggests how the radiation processing industry and other users of radiation can benefit from the NIST programs.

Citation

Journal of Research (NIST JRES) -

Volume

111 No. 6

NIST Pub Series

Journal of Research (NIST JRES)

Pub Type

NIST Pubs

Keywords

absorbed dose, betatron, CIRMS, electrons, ionizing radiation, rad, radiation processing, radiation protection, reference data

Citation

Koch, H. (2006), Recollections on Sixty Years of NBS Ionizing Radiation Programs for Energetic X Rays and Electrons, Journal of Research (NIST JRES), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (Accessed October 14, 2025)