Low Frequency Radio Wave Detection of Electrically Active Defects in Dielectrics

Published

May 19, 2016

Author(s)

Yaw S. Obeng, Chukwudi A. Okoro, Pavel Kabos, Rhonda R. Franklin, Papa K. Amoah

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the use of low frequency (up to 300 MHz) radio waves (RF) to detect and characterize electrical defects present in the dielectrics of emerging integrated circuit devices. As an illustration, the technique is used to monitor the impact of thermal cycling on the RF signal characteristics (S-parameters, such as S11 and S21) of electrically active defects in three dimensional (3D) interconnects. The observed changes in the electrical characteristics of the interconnects were traced to changes in the chemistry of the isolation dielectric used in the through silicon via (TSV) construction; specifically to the conversion of chemical intermediates such as non-bridging silanol (Si-OH) to bridging siloxane (Si-O-Si). We suggest that these “chemical defects” inherent in the ‘as-manufactured’ products may be responsible for some of the unexplained early reliability failures observed in TSV enabled 3D devices. This low frequency RF technique could be optimized to complement, and in some cases compete favorably with, other thin film metrology techniques, such as ellipsometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), for mass production environments.

Citation

ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology

Pub Type

Journals

Citation

Obeng, Y. , Okoro, C. , Kabos, P. , Franklin, R. and Amoah, P. (2016), Low Frequency Radio Wave Detection of Electrically Active Defects in Dielectrics, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology (Accessed October 11, 2025)