NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
For a degree sequence, its set of forced edges are the edges that appear in every realization of that sequence, while its forbidden edges appear in no realization. We examine sequences with forced or forbidden edges, showing relationships between these sequences, the structure of the forced or forbidden edge sets, and the resulting structural consequences to their realizations.
Cloteaux, B.
(2019),
Forced Edges and Graph Structure, Journal of Research (NIST JRES), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.124.022
(Accessed October 9, 2025)