Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Effect of Xenon Bombardment on Ruthenium-Coated Grazing Incidence Collector Mirror Lifetime for EUV Lithography

Published

Author(s)

M Nieto, J P. Allain, V Titov, M R. Hendricks, A Hassanein, D Rokusek, C Chrobak, Charles Tarrio, Yaniv Barad, Steven Grantham, Thomas B. Lucatorto, Bryan Rice

Abstract

The effect of energetic Xenon ion bombardment on the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reflectivity performance of mirrors is of vital importance for the performance of discharge- and laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) sources. To study these effects, we measured absolute and relative reflectivities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Interaction of Materials with Particles and Components Testing facility, to quantify the effects of singly ionized Xe ion bombardment on the reflectivity of EUV mirrors. Results show that unity sputtering is reached at Xe+ energies near 400-500 eV. The Xe+-induced sputter yield decreases an order of magnitude with only a 60% decrease in energy. Incident angle-dependent data of Xe+ bombardment show that the sputter yield is weakly dependent on angle at energies near 1 keV. Dynamic measurements of in-situ EUV reflectivity during Xe+ irradiation show that the oxygen state of the reflecting mirror has a significant effect on reflectivity performance. For example, 13.5-nm light reflecting from an oxygen-rich mirror results in over a 40% loss in reflectivity. These studies also found that the surface roughness increased only at the atomic scale (sub-nanometer scale) when exposed to energetic Xe+ and thus did not contribute to EUV reflectivity losses except for cases of very high fluences (> 1016 cm-2).
Citation
Journal of Applied Physics
Volume
100
Issue
5

Keywords

extreme ultraviolet lithography, in-situ EUV reflectometry, sputtering

Citation

Nieto, M. , Allain, J. , Titov, V. , Hendricks, M. , Hassanein, A. , Rokusek, D. , Chrobak, C. , Tarrio, C. , Barad, Y. , Grantham, S. , Lucatorto, T. and Rice, B. (2006), Effect of Xenon Bombardment on Ruthenium-Coated Grazing Incidence Collector Mirror Lifetime for EUV Lithography, Journal of Applied Physics (Accessed December 10, 2024)

Issues

If you have any questions about this publication or are having problems accessing it, please contact reflib@nist.gov.

Created August 31, 2006, Updated October 12, 2021