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Patent Description Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and NIST jointly developed a concept for a waveform synthesizer which can generate a controlled waveform with several picosecond (ps) time resolution. In a light-diffusing material, characteristics of the time-of-flight distribution (e.g
Joel Ullom
,
Galen O'Neil
,
Luis Miaja Avila
,
Kevin L. Silverman
,
Daniel Swetz
,
Ralph Jimenez
,
W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese
,
Gene C. Hilton
,
Carl D. Reintsema
,
Dan Schmidt
and
Bradley Alpert
Patent Description Presently, there are no commercial tools for x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy with picosecond time resolution. Additionally, there are no table-top tools for x-ray emission spectroscopy with picosecond time resolution. Previously, x-ray emission spectroscopy with this
Kevin L. Silverman
,
Carl D. Reintsema
,
Galen O'Neil
,
Luis Miaja Avila
,
Daniel Swetz
,
W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese
,
Dan Schmidt
,
Bradley Alpert
,
Joseph Fowler
,
Joel Ullom
,
Ralph Jimenez
and
Gene C. Hilton
Patent Description Presently, there are no commercial tools for x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy with picosecond time resolution. Additionally, there are no tabletop tools for x-ray emission spectroscopy with picosecond time resolution. Previously, x-ray emission spectroscopy with this
Patent Description This invention enables practitioners to achieve very narrow gaps, down to 0.1 µm, on long coplanar waveguides using optical lithography. This process is shown below. In step 1, a mask is defined on top of the metallic material to be used as the center trace of the coplanar