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We review methods for representing geometric axes in three dimensions and discuss why these methods have undesirable properties for geometric fitting applications. We then describe a new representation that seems better suited for use in problems of fitting geometric elements to data points. This representation was developed in the course of our work on testing of data analysis software in coordinate measurement systems. The new representation has allowed us\to lower significantly the estimated uncertainty of our test.. results. Details and properties of the representation are discussed.
Hopp, T.
(1996),
Representation of Axes for Geometric Fitting, NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.5897
(Accessed October 18, 2025)