Mell, P.
, Scarfone, K.
and Romanosky, S.
(2007),
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) and its Applicability to Federal Agency Systems, NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.7435, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=51231 (Accessed June 1, 2026)
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The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) and its Applicability to Federal Agency Systems
Published
Author(s)
, Karen Scarfone, Sasha Romanosky
Abstract
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) provides an open framework for communicating the characteristics and impacts of IT vulnerabilities. The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) provides specific CVSS scores for virtually all publicly known vulnerabilities. Federal agencies can use the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 199 security categories with the NVD CVSS scores to obtain impact scores that are tailored to each agency¿s environment. CVSS consists of three groups: Base, Temporal and Environmental. Each group produces a numeric score ranging from 0.0 to 10.0, and a vector, a compressed textual representation that reflects the values used to derive the score. The Base group represents the intrinsic qualities of a vulnerability. The Temporal group reflects the characteristics of a vulnerability that change over time. The Environmental group represents the characteristics of a vulnerability that are unique to any user¿s environment. CVSS enables IT managers, vulnerability bulletin providers, security vendors, application vendors and researchers to all benefit by adopting this common language of scoring IT vulnerabilities.Citation
NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) - 7435
Report Number
7435
NIST Pub Series
Pub Type
NIST Pubs
Download Paper
Keywords
Common Vulnerability Scoring System, CVSS, National Vulnerability Database, NVD, security metrics, vulnerability scoring
Citation
Issues
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Created August 30, 2007, Updated May 7, 2026