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Second order nonlinear spectroscopies such as sum frequency generation (SFG) are intrinsically interface sensitive and enable sub monolayer sensitivity to be achieved at buried, optically accessible interfaces. Vibrationally-resonant SFG allows bond (functional group) selective in-situ spectroscopy of interfaces as diverse as solid-solid, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas. This chapter summarizes the theoretical uderpinnings of vibrationnally-resonant SFG and its practical implementation.