Established in 1948, the award is named after Arthur Sherwood Flemming, a distinguished government official who served seven presidential administrations of both parties, most notably as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under President Dwight Eisenhower. He was a two-time recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, first from President Eisenhower in 1957 and then from President Bill Clinton in 1994, two years before his death.
John Schiel played a leading role in the development of a protein therapeutic measurements and standards program that works closely with the biopharmaceutical industry, regulators, and instrumentation companies. Specifically, he led a team of NIST scientists in developing a world-first monoclonal antibody reference material, NISTmAb, a global benchmark that assures the performance of biopharmaceutical drug product release tests and new analytical tools and supports the development of manufacturing technologies.