OSAC Lexicon
The OSAC Lexicon is a compendium of forensic science terms and definitions. This terminology tool was created to help bring consistency and understanding to the way terms are used by the various forensic science. Use of the OSAC Lexicon does not replace the need to reference the original published source.
The terms and definitions in the OSAC Lexicon come from the published literature, including documentary standards and technical reports. It is continually updated with the latest work from OSAC units, as well as terms from newly published documentary standards and standards elevated to the OSAC Registry.
Gradually terms are evaluated and harmonized by the OSAC to a single term. This process results in an OSAC Preferred Term. An OSAC Preferred Term is a term, along with its definition, that has undergone review and evaluation by the FSSB Terminology Task Group and has been approved by the FSSB. The FSSB recommends that subcommittees use OSAC Preferred Terms when drafting standards.
The OSAC Lexicon should be the primary resource for terminology and used when drafting and editing forensic science standards and other OSAC work products.
Shaping By Successive Approximation
Shaping By Successive Approximation
The process of selectively rewarding responses that approximate the desired behavior to an increasingly greater degree. This is one method for teaching a new behavior and can be used as a method of modifying additional behaviors. (See approximation.)
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ANSI/Academy Standards Board (ASB), Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2017.
Source link
sharp trauma
sharp trauma
A skeletal defect produced by an object that is edged, pointed, or beveled.
Committee
Forensic Anthropology
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 147 Standard for Analyzing Skeletal Trauma in Forensic Anthropology. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 2024.
Source link
Sharpening
Sharpening
in image and video analysis, a process used to emphasize edge detail in an image by enhancing the high-frequency components.
Committee
Facial & Iris Identification
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Sharpness
Sharpness
A tendency to react to stimuli with aggressive behavior.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ANSI/Academy Standards Board (ASB), Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2017.
Source link
Sheaves
Sheaves
elongated crystals form two opposite fans from the same joining point.
Committee
Seized Drugs
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Sheet Explosive
Sheet Explosive
a flexible high-explosive charge having mixtures of PETN or RDX and nitrocellulose with rubber polymers and plasticizers.
Discussion—These are also known as Detasheet, Det Sheet, or Flex-X, and are typically less malleable than most Semtex or C-4.
Committee
Ignitable Liquids, Explosives & Gunshot Residue
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Shell Tire Mold
Shell Tire Mold
Also known as a two-piece mold, it consists of a top and bottom, each containing a sidewall ring and half of the full-circle tread design.
Committee
Footwear & Tire
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ASB TR 097, Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Evidence. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Shock Tube
Shock Tube
a small-diameter plastic tube with the interior walls coated with a very thin layer of energetic material (most commonly HMX and aluminum powder) that, when initiated, transmits a detonation.
Committee
Ignitable Liquids, Explosives & Gunshot Residue
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Shoe Perimeter
Shoe Perimeter
The outer border or edge of the footwear outsole that defines its overall physical size and shape. Some perimeters may be comprised of a border such as a molded border or a foxing strip.
Committee
Footwear & Tire
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ASB TR 097, Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Evidence. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Shoe Size
Shoe Size
The size a manufacturer designates for an item of footwear and places on a label in the footwear and/or footwear outsole, and shoe box. There is not a strict dimensional relationship between a manufacturers shoe size and the length and width of the outsole.
Committee
Footwear & Tire
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ASB TR 097, Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Evidence. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Shoe Size Grading
Shoe Size Grading
The gradual increase or decrease in physical size and content that a manufacturer uses for each half size. In general, each half size will result in an approximate measurement change of 4.2 mm in length of the outsole.
Committee
Footwear & Tire
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ASB TR 097, Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Evidence. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Shoreline Search
Shoreline Search
Utilizing a canine to locate target odors in a shoreline environment.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ANSI/Academy Standards Board (ASB), Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2017.
Source link
Short Circuit
Short Circuit
An abnormal connection of low resistance between normal circuit conductors where the resistance is normally much greater; this is an overcurrent situation but it is not an overload.
Committee
Fire & Explosion Investigation
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
NFPA 921:2021 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA, 2021.
Source link
Short Tandem Repeats Str
Short Tandem Repeats Str
Multiple copies of an identical (or similar) DNA sequence arranged in direct succession where the repeat sequence unit is 2 base pairs (bp) to 6 bp in length; because STRs generally occur in the DNA outside of the constraints (i.e., selective pressure) of genes, the number of repeat units can vary between individuals;2 variations in STRs may be used for distinguishing individuals, and in biological relationship and ancestry testing
Committee
Human Forensic Biology
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 022 Standard for Forensic DNA Analysis Training Programs. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Should
Should
Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.
Committee
Fire & Explosion Investigation
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
NFPA 1033:2022 Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA, 2022.
Source link
Should
Should
Used to indicate that a provision is not mandatory, but recommended as good practice.
Committee
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 032 Standards for a Bloodstain Pattern Analysts Training Program. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2020.
Source link
should
should
Used to indicate that a provision is not mandatory, but recommended as good practice.
Committee
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 072 Standard for the Validation of Procedures in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 2019.
Source link
should
should
Used to indicate that a provision is not mandatory, but recommended as good practice.
Committee
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 030 Standard for a Quality Assurance Program in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 2019.
Source link
Shoulder
Shoulder
The portion of the tire where the sidewall and tread meet.
Committee
Footwear & Tire
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ASB TR 097, Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Evidence. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Shouldering
Shouldering
a variation of the hair form along the shaft, resulting in an irregular and often asymmetrical change of cross-sectional shape.
Committee
Trace Materials
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Shrapnel
Shrapnel
added materials (usually metal) which are placed in or around an explosive to intentionally produce additional property damage and injuries.
Discussion—(1) It should be noted that the term 'shrapnel' is also sometimes colloquially used to denote any pieces from a device that are fragmented by an explosion. (2) Shrapnel can also be included in some military ordnance.
Committee
Ignitable Liquids, Explosives & Gunshot Residue
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Side lighting
Side lighting
Illumination from a light source at a low angle of incidence, or even parallel, to the surface of the item. Syn. oblique lighting, grazing illumination, raking lighting.
Committee
Forensic Document Examination
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 044 Standard for Examination of Documents for Indentations. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
side lighting
side lighting
Illumination from a light source that is at a low angle of incidence, or even parallel, to the surface of the item. Syn., oblique lighting.
Committee
Forensic Document Examination
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 035 Standard for the Examination of Documents for Alterations. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 2020.
Source link
Side-By-Side
Side-By-Side
A comparison method performed by placing objects next to one another.
Committee
Footwear & Tire
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ASB TR 097, Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Evidence. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Sidewall
Sidewall
The portion of the tire between the shoulder and the bead that contains the tire information.
Committee
Footwear & Tire
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ASB TR 097, Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Evidence. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Sign of elongation
Sign of elongation
a property of fibers referring to the elongation of a fiber in relation to refractive indices.
Discussion—If the fiber is elongated in the direction of the higher refractive index, it is said to have a positive sign of elongation; if the fiber is elongated in the direction of the lower refractive index, it is negative.
Committee
Trace Materials
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Signature Wipe
Signature Wipe
to overwrite all available storage areas with a unique sector character sequence.
Committee
Facial & Iris Identification
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
significance
significance
the weight or meaning of the evidence or results.
Discussion—This definition refers to a qualitative assessment of the evidence, unless otherwise stated as a quantitative assessment (for example, statistical significance).
Committee
Trace Materials
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Similar
Similar
An observation that an impression shares a general likeness with a known footwear or tire. (Similar should not be confused with correspond.)
Committee
Footwear & Tire
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ASB TR 097, Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Evidence. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
similarity
similarity
An observation that two impressions share a general likeness when comparing an individual feature or detail. Not to be confused with “agreement.”
Committee
Friction Ridge
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB Best Practice Recommendation 166 Best Practice Recommendation for Comparison and Evaluation of Friction Ridge Impressions. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 2024.
Source link
Simple Linear Regression
Simple Linear Regression
A straight line regression with only one predictor variable (polynomial degree of 1)
Committee
Forensic Toxicology
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 054 Standard for a Quality Control Program in Forensic Toxicology Laboratories. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2021.
Source link
Simultaneous Capture
Simultaneous Capture
The acquisition of images of a single biometric modality from a subject at the same time.Sequential capture over a time scale ( < 1 second) that prevents confounding of bodyparts ( e.g., substituting left iris for right iris) can also be considered simultaneous capturein this context.
Committee
Interdisciplinary
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2011 Update:2015 Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial & Other Biometric Information. ANSI/National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011.
Source link
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Snp
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Snp
DNA sequence variations that occur when a single nucleotide (A, T, C, or G) in the genome sequence is altered; these variations may be used for distinguishing individuals, and in biological relationship and ancestry testing.
Committee
Human Forensic Biology
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 022 Standard for Forensic DNA Analysis Training Programs. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Single Split Trail/Turn
Single Split Trail/Turn
Refers to a training exercise in which two subjects walk a straight line and then split into two different directions. When the canine is presented with a scent article from one of the subjects, the canine commences to trail and match the correct person to the scent article. Despite the contamination of scent from the other person on the trail the canine is still able to discriminate between scents and identify the correct subject.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ANSI/Academy Standards Board (ASB), Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2017.
Source link
Single-Base
Single-Base
smokeless powder which contains nitrocellulose but does not contain nitroglycerine or nitroguanidine.
Committee
Ignitable Liquids, Explosives & Gunshot Residue
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Single-Base
Single-Base
propellant containing nitrocellulose as the major energetic material.
Committee
Ignitable Liquids, Explosives & Gunshot Residue
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Single-Blind Assessment
Single-Blind Assessment
An evaluation of the canine team's ability to complete an exercise where the evaluator knows the outcome and the canine team does not.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 092 Standard for Training and Certification of Canine Detection of Explosives. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2021.
Source link
Single-Blind Assessment
Single-Blind Assessment
An evaluation of the canine team's ability to complete an exercise where the evaluator knows the outcome and the hander does not.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 088 General Guidelines for Training, Certification, and Documentation of Canine Detection Disciplines. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2020.
Source link
Single-Blind Assessment/Testing
Single-Blind Assessment/Testing
An evaluation of the canine team's ability to complete an exercise where the evaluator knows the outcome and the handler does not.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ANSI/Academy Standards Board (ASB), Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2017.
Source link
Single/Sole-Purpose Canine
Single/Sole-Purpose Canine
A dog trained in only one discipline.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ANSI/Academy Standards Board (ASB), Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2017.
Source link
SingleBlind Assessment/Testing
SingleBlind Assessment/Testing
An evaluation of the canine team's ability to complete an exercise where the evaluator knows the outcome and the canine team does not.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 027 Standard for Training and Certification of Canine Detection of Humans: Patrol Canine Team. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2021.
Source link
SingleBlind Assessment/Testing
SingleBlind Assessment/Testing
An evaluation of the canine team's ability to complete an exercise where the evaluator knows the outcome and the canine team does not.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 026 Standard for Training and Certification of Canine Detection of Humans: An Aged Trail Using Pre-scented Canines. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2021.
Source link
SingleBlind Assessment/Testing
SingleBlind Assessment/Testing
An evaluation of the canine team's ability to complete an exercise where the evaluator knows the outcome and the canine team does not.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 024 Standard for Training and Certification of Canine Detection of Humans: Location Check Using Pre‐scented Canines. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2021.
Source link
Sinoxid
Sinoxid
name for the most commonly used primer.
Discussion—It is composed primarily of lead styphnate, barium nitrate, and antimony sulfide.
Committee
Ignitable Liquids, Explosives & Gunshot Residue
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org
Sinus Arrhythmia
Sinus Arrhythmia
A regularly irregular heart rhythm associated with changes in breathing, normal finding in the canine.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ANSI/Academy Standards Board (ASB), Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2017.
Source link
Sinus Arrhythmia
Sinus Arrhythmia
A regularly irregular heart rhythm associated with changes in breathing, normal finding in the canine.
Committee
Dogs & Sensors
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 085 Standard for Detection Canine Selection, Kenneling, and Healthcare. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2021.
Source link
Sipes
Sipes
Thin slits in a footwear outsole or tire tread to create better traction. True sipes in footwear are those that are cut into an outsole during manufacture. True sipes in tire treads are cut in the tread only after market. True sipes must be flexed to open. Imitation sipes are molded and remain open.
Committee
Footwear & Tire
Date Added to Lexicon
Technical Report/Other Source (Author, Title of report. Publisher, Year.)
ASB TR 097, Terminology Used for Forensic Footwear and Tire Evidence. AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80904, 2019.
Source link
Site
Site
The general physical location of the incident, including the scene and the surrounding area deemed significant to the process of the investigation and support areas.
Committee
Fire & Explosion Investigation
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
NFPA 921:2021 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA, 2021.
Source link
skeletal
skeletal
Osseous, cartilaginous, and/or dental tissues.
Committee
Forensic Anthropology
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASB 146 Standard for Resolving Commingled Remains in Forensic Anthropology . AAFS Academy Standards Board (ASB), 410 North 21st Street, Colorado Springs, CO , 2021.
Source link
Skeletal Crystal
Skeletal Crystal
a crystal in which all of the spaces in the crystal lattice are not occupied.
Committee
Seized Drugs
Date Added to Lexicon
Standard Source (Designation Number Title of Standard. Publisher, Place, Year.)
ANSI/ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, 2025.
Source link
Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. A copy of the complete standard is available from ASTM International, https://www.astm.org