Skip to main content

NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.

Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.

U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

X-Ray Standing-Wave Investigations of Valence Electronic Structure

Published

Author(s)

Joseph C. Woicik, E J. Nelson, D Heskett, J Warner, L E. Berman, B A. Karlin, I A. Vartanyants, M Z. Hasan, T Kendelewicz, Z -. Shen, P Pianetta

Abstract

We have examined the valance-electron emission from Cu, Ge, GaAs, InP, and NiO single crystals under the condition of strong x-ray Bragg reflection; i.e., in the presence of the spatially modulated x-ray standing-wave interference field that is produced by the superposition of the incident and reflected x-ray beams. These crystals span the entire metallic, covalent, and ionic range of solid-state bonding. It is demonstrated that the valence-electron emission is closely coupled to the atomic cores, even for electron states close to a metallic Fermi edge. Using the bond-orbital approximation, the x-ray standing-wave structure factor for valence-electron emission is derived in terms of the bond polarities and photoionization cross sections of the atoms within the crystalline-unit cell and compared to experiment. Additionally, we demonstrate that by exploiting the spatial dependence of the electric-field intensity under Bragg condition, site-specific valance-electronic structure may be obtained. The technique is demonstrated for GaAs and NiO.
Citation
Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics)
Volume
64
Issue
No. 12

Keywords

Bragg reflection, crystalline-unit cell, valance-electron, x-ray standing wave

Citation

Woicik, J. , Nelson, E. , Heskett, D. , Warner, J. , Berman, L. , Karlin, B. , Vartanyants, I. , Hasan, M. , Kendelewicz, T. , Shen, Z. and Pianetta, P. (2001), X-Ray Standing-Wave Investigations of Valence Electronic Structure, Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics) (Accessed October 11, 2025)

Issues

If you have any questions about this publication or are having problems accessing it, please contact [email protected].

Created September 1, 2001, Updated February 19, 2017
Was this page helpful?