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T. G. Fiske, L. D. Silverstein, C. Penn, Edward F. Kelley
Abstract
Setting viewing angle requirements and specifications for displays depends on how viewing angle is defined. There is significant confusion in the industry regarding the definition and use of horizontal and vertical viewing angle. Moreover, the relations between viewing angle defined in Cartesian coordinates and common representations in spherical and goniometer-specific coordinates are often confused. This paper will show how incorrect definitions of viewing angle and failures to apply appropriate transformations between coordinate systems lead to errors in setting specifications and reporting results.
Fiske, T.
, Silverstein, L.
, Penn, C.
and Kelley, E.
(1998),
Viewing Angle: A Matter of Perspective, Viewing Angle: A Matter of Perspective, Anaheim, CA, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=27360
(Accessed November 1, 2025)