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This article introduces basic elements of systems engineering that are useful in managing the product lifecycle, as expressed in an extension to the Unified Modeling Language. Models are described for product requirements in textual and computable form, system structure as static relation of its elements, behavior as the transformation of inputs to outputs, parametrics for constraining properties of structure, and the allocation of behavior to structure. The relation of behavior to structure is identified as a central issue in the integration of systems and software engineering.
Bock, C.
(2005),
Systems Engineering in the Product Lifecycle, International Journal of Product Development, [online], https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPD.2005.006672
(Accessed October 27, 2025)