Fitzsimmons, M.
, Silva, T.
and Crawford, T.
(2006),
Surface oxidation of Permalloy thin films, Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics), [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=32123
(Accessed October 11, 2025)
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Surface oxidation of Permalloy thin films
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Author(s)
M. R. Fitzsimmons, , T. M. Crawford
Abstract
The chemical and magnetic structures of oxides on the surface of Permalloy Ni81Fe19 films were investigated as functions of annealing time with x-ray and polarized neutron reflectometry. For annealing times of less than one hour, the oxide consisted of a 1.5 nm-thick layer of NiO on an Fe oxide layer that was in contact with Permalloy. The Fe oxide thickness increases with annealing time with a parabolic rate constant of 10-18cm2s-1 (for an annealing temperature of 373 K). The growth of the oxide layer is limited by the rate at which oxygen appears below the NiO layer. No portion of the oxide region was found to be ferromagnetically ordered for films annealed less than one hour. The growth of the Fe oxide region is well correlated with the measured increase of the second-order magnetic susceptibility for similarly prepared samples.Citation
Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics)
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Created January 23, 2006, Updated October 12, 2021