Spintronic nanodevices for bioinspired computing

Published

September 20, 2016

Author(s)

Julie Grollier, Damien Querlioz, Mark D. Stiles

Abstract

The challenge of fabricating bio-inspired hardware is building ultra-high density networks out of complex processing units interlinked by tunable connections. Nanodevices exploiting spin electronics (or spintronics) can be a key technology in this context. In particular, magnetic tunnel junctions are well suited for this purpose because of their multiple and tunable functionalities. One such functionality, non-volatile memory, can provide massive embedded memory in unconventional circuits, thus escaping the von-Neumann bottleneck arising when memory and processors are located separately. Other functionalities of spintronic devices that could be beneficial for bio-inspired computing include tunable fast non-linear dynamics, controlled stochasticity, and the ability of single devices to adopt different functionalities in different operating conditions. Large networks of interacting spintronic nano-devices can have their interactions tuned to induce complex dynamics such as synchronization, chaos, soliton diffusion, phase transitions, criticality, and convergence to multiple metastable states. A number of groups have recently proposed bio-inspired architectures that include one or several types of spin torque nanodevices. In this article we show how spintronics can be used for bio- inspired computing. We review the different approaches that have been proposed, the recent advances in this direction, and the challenges towards fully integrated spintronics-CMOS (Complementary metal - oxide - semiconductor) bio-inspired hardware.

Citation

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volume

104

Issue

10

Pub Type

Journals

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2016.2597152

Local Download

Keywords

Spintronics, bio-inspired computing, magnetic tunnel junctions, neuromorphic computing, MRAM, spin-transfer torque, neural network, machine learning, memristor, magnetic domain wall motion

Citation

Grollier, J. , Querlioz, D. and Stiles, M. (2016), Spintronic nanodevices for bioinspired computing, Proceedings of the IEEE, [online], https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2016.2597152, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=921182 (Accessed October 6, 2025)