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Search Publications by: Mauro Zammarano (Fed)

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Displaying 26 - 48 of 48

Cellulose Nanomaterials: Nanocomposite Imaging using FRET

June 19, 2013
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Mauro Zammarano, Iulia A. Sacui, Jeremiah Woodcock
Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, found in plants (cotton, hemp, wood), marine animals (Tunicate), algae (Valonia) bacteria (Acetobacter xylium) and even amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum). Critical features of the structural

Nanoparticles in Flame-Retardant Coatings for Flexible Polyurethane Foams: Effects on Flammability and Nanoparticle Release

May 15, 2013
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Rick D. Davis, Yeon S. Kim, Richard H. Harris Jr., Marc R. Nyden, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Nasir M. Uddin
Nanoparticles can effectively reduce polymer flammability; however, the impact of nanoparticles on environmental and health safety is still unclear. The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to develop and investigate the effect of nanoparticle-rich

Impact of Test and Foam Design on Smoldering

May 14, 2013
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Szabolcs Matko, Rick D. Davis
Smoldering propensity of fabrics used in upholstered furniture can be assessed using foam mockups according to the CPSC proposed regulation. This approach requires a polyurethane flexible foam with reproducible and well- characterized smoldering. The

Thermal and Burning Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Composites Using Cellulose-Based Intumescing Flame Retardants

December 21, 2012
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Srilatha Temburni, Melissa Novy, Laura Flynn, Mauro Zammarano, Yeon S. Kim, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Rick D. Davis
Poly(lactic acid) was flame retarded using cellulose-based intumescing flame retardants. Cellulose was an excellent carbon source in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), exhibiting good thermal stabilities and UL-94 ratings of V-0

Smoldering in Flexible Polyurethane Foams: the Effect of Foam Morphology

December 18, 2012
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Szabolcs Matko, Roland H. Kraemer, Rick D. Davis, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Li Piin Sung, Douglas M. Fox, Shivani N. Mehta
Smoldering is a self-sustaining heterogeneous oxidation reaction that induces a slow, low temperature, flameless combustion. Flexible polyurethane foams (PUF) are prone to smoldering due to their high air permeability, low density and high specific surface

Standard Operating Procedures for Smolder Ignition Testing of Upholstery Fabrics

December 11, 2012
Author(s)
Rick D. Davis, Mauro Zammarano, Szabolcs Matko, Roland H. Kraemer
This manuscript describes a methodology to measure the influence of an upholstery cover fabric to promote smoldering mass loss of a small-scale mock-up. The primary test metric is total mock-up mass loss after 45 min exposure to the smoldering ignition

Formation of Extended Ionomeric Network by Bulk Polymerization of L,D-lactide with Layered Double Hydroxide

November 22, 2012
Author(s)
Edward D. McCarthy, Mauro Zammarano, Douglas M. Fox, Ryan Nieuwendaal, Yeon S. Kim, P H. Maupin, Paul C. Trulove, Jeffrey W. Gilman
We report the formation of an ionomeric network in a poly(L,D-lactide) hybrid nanocomposite, (PLDLA-HYB) during in-situ melt polymerization of L,D lactide in the presence of magnesium/aluminium layered-double-hydroxide (LDH) without added catalyst. The

Factors Influencing the Smoldering Performance of Polyurethane Foam

September 26, 2012
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Szabolcs Matko, Roland H. Kraemer, Rick D. Davis, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Shivani N. Mehta
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether polyurethane foam (PUF) could be produced as a standard reference material for ultimate use in a standard test intended to ensure the smoldering performance of commercially available upholstered furniture

Ionic Liquid Facilitated Introduction of Functional Materials into Biopolymer Polymer Substrates

August 2, 2012
Author(s)
Shonali Nazare, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Mauro Zammarano, Luke Haverhals, W.Matthew Reichert, Hugh De Long, Paul C. Trulove
In addition to being efficient solvents for biopolymers, several ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to be effective solvents for synthetic polymers such as meta-aramids, i.e., Nomex ® (1-5). In this report, meta-aramid/cotton composites are generated by

Absorption and Reflection of Infrared Radiation by Polymers in Fire-Like Environments

July 17, 2012
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Mauro Zammarano, Boris Wilthan, Leonard M. Hanssen
In large-scale fires, the input of energy to burning materials occurs predominantly by radiative transfer. The in-depth absorption of radiant energy by a polymer influences its ignition time and burning rate. The present investigation examines two methods

RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER AS A TOOL FOR PROBING INTERFACE FORMATION IN NANOCOMPOSITES

June 24, 2012
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Edward D. McCarthy, Douglas M. Fox, Paul H. Maupin, Li Piin Sung, Yeon S. Kim
One of the most enduring problems in the evolution of science and technology using nanoscale materials is the characterization of their morphology in macroscopic systems.1 This involves spatial and orientation distribution, which may be multimodal and

Char – Forming Behavior of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Treated with Glycidyl Phenyl POSS

April 15, 2012
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Jieun Lee, Mauro Zammarano, Dimi Katsoulis, Donald V. Eldred, Luke Haverhals, Paul C. Trulove, Hugh C. De Long, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Cellulose-reinforced composites have received much attention due to their structural reinforcing, light weight, biodegradable, non-toxic, low cost and recyclable characteristics. However, the tendency for cellulose to aggregate and its poor dispersion in

Flexible polyurethane foam with well characterized and reproducible smoldering

March 24, 2012
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Szabolcs Matko, Rick D. Davis, Roland H. Kraemer
Smoldering is a self-sustaining heterogeneous oxidation reaction that induces a slow, low temperature, flameless combustion.1 Flexible polyurethane foams (PUF) are particularly prone to smoldering due to their high air permeability and low density. In this

Revealing the Interphase in Polymer Nanocomposites

March 16, 2011
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Paul H. Maupin, Li Piin Sung, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Douglas M. Fox
Morphological characterization of polymer nanocomposites is a fundamental challenge that is complicated by multiple length scales. Here, we report a technique for high-throughput monitoring of interphase and dispersion in polymer nanocomposites based on

Absorption of Thermal Radiation by Burning Polymers

February 2, 2011
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Mauro Zammarano, Boris Wilthan, Leonard M. Hanssen
In large-scale fires, the input of energy to burning materials occurs predominantly by radiative transfer. The in-depth absorption of radiant energy by a polymer influences its ignition time and burning rate. The present investigation examines two methods

SUSTAINABLE FLAME RETARDANTS: BIO-DERIVED PRODUCTS AS INTUMESCING MATERIALS

February 2, 2011
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Douglas M. Fox, Szabolcs Matko, Takashi Kashiwagi, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Rick D. Davis
Scientists are shifting their attention towards technology sustainability and sustainable materials, specifically in terms of energy and environmental impacts. The flame retardant community is also more concerned about these aspects. The recent banning of

Microencapsulated POSS in Cellulose Using 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate

October 10, 2010
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Mauro Zammarano, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and cellulose were reacted in the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmiAc). Side reactions between the EmiAc and each reactant were prevalent, but use of water as the coagulating solvent produced

POSS modified cellulose for improving flammability characteristics of polystyrene

April 2, 2010
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Mauro Zammarano, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Jieun Lee, Eric Balsley, Erica Ford
Due to its strength, charring ability, and biodegradability, cellulose-based reinforced polymers have received considerable attention. However, its high polarity, large molecular size, and solvent resistivity, have often resulted in immiscible or

Heat release and structural collapse of flexible polyurethane foam

January 1, 2010
Author(s)
Roland H. Kraemer, Mauro Zammarano, Gregory T. Linteris, Ulf W. Gedde, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Flexible polyurethane foam used in upholstered furniture remains one of the major fire hazards to date. The heat release rate of burning items made of foam depends strongly on the foam's physical behavior, notably its collapse to a burning liquid that can

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FIRE SPREAD ON POLYURETHANE FOAM SLABS

March 17, 2009
Author(s)
Kuldeep R. Prasad, Roland Kramer, Nathan D. Marsh, Marc R. Nyden, Thomas J. Ohlemiller, William M. Pitts, Mauro Zammarano
The NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is used extensively by the fire protection engineer for performance based design and forensic analysis. The equations of motion describing the gas phase are relatively well known and the approximations in the various

Preparation and Flame Resistance Properties of Revolutionary Self-Extinguishing Epoxy Nanocomposites Based on Layered Double Hydroxides

October 1, 2005
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Massimiliano Franceschi, S Bellayer, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Sergio Meriani
Layered double hydroxides/epoxy nanocomposites (LDHs/EP) were prepared from organo modified LDHs, a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A monomer (DGEBA) and amine curing agents. The organomodified LDHs were obtained by ionic exchange of a magnesium-aluminum