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Displaying 26 - 50 of 74335

Experimental Investigation of Factors Affecting Individual Firebrand Heat Transfer

May 25, 2026

Author(s)

Amy Mensch, Savannah Wessies, Emma Veley

Firebrand ignition is a significant contributor to the spread of wildfires into communities. This study investigates effects of flow velocity, firebrand wood type and size, and substrate material on the peak heat flux and total heat transfer from

A spectroscopic dataset for known provenance and1 post-consumer textiles

May 22, 2026

Author(s)

Katarina Goodge, Alexander Landauer, Cecelia Vederman, Amanda Forster

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, non-invasive technique often used for chemical bond structure identification, making it a prime candidate for feedstock identification and validation for industrial processes involving polymers. It has rapidly

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopic (BDS) Studies of Material Evolution and Reliability in Integrated Systems

May 22, 2026

Author(s)

Christopher E. Sunday, Emmanuel Iwuoha, Yaw Obeng

Recent advances in technological and materials innovations have shifted the architecture of integrated circuits from two-dimensional planar to three dimensional (3D) systems, with stacked chips. The performance demands of these 3D-SIC devices seem to be at

Procedural Rigor and Reproducibility in NMR Metabolomics: Community Practices and Challenges

May 22, 2026

Author(s)

Tracey Johnston, Leo Cheng, Anastasios Theodorou, Marie Phelan, Goncalo J Gouveia, Robert Powers, Panteleimon Takis, Fabio Casu, Robert Brua, Gagandeep Kaur, Wimal Pathmasiri, Teklab Gebregiworgis, Valerie Copie

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a fundamental tool of metabolomics, valued for its reproducibility, quantitative accuracy, and broad applicability across biological and clinical sciences. However, despite its strengths, methodological

Fiscal Year 2025 Annual Report for NIST Cybersecurity and Privacy Program

May 21, 2026

Author(s)

Patrick O'Reilly, Kristina Rigopoulos

Throughout Fiscal Year 2025 (FY 2025) — from October 1, 2024, through September 30, 2025 — the NIST Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) Cybersecurity and Privacy Program successfully responded to numerous challenges and opportunities in security and

Gepta-EX: A multi-channel germanium detector for X-ray absorption fine structure

May 21, 2026

Author(s)

Bruce Ravel, Abdul Rumaiz, Francesca Capocasa, GIOVANNI PINAROLI, Thomas Krings, David Siddons

We report on the development, fabrication, and performance evaluation of Gepta-EX, a compact multi-channel high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector system designed for fluorescence-mode X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) at high photon energies. Traditional

A Non-Intrusive Analytic Temperature Model for Rate-of-Rise-Based Gas Flow Standards

May 20, 2026

Author(s)

Aaron Johnson, Jodie Pope, Keith Gillis, John Wright, Christopher Crowley

Accurate measurement of low gas flows is essential in semiconductor manufacturing, where mass flow controllers (MFCs) regulate gas stoichiometry during etching and deposition. The Rate-of-Rise (RoR) method, widely used for MFC calibration, determines mass

Bilateral Airspeed Comparison (2-20 m/s) Using Three Transfer Standards

May 20, 2026

Author(s)

Christopher Crowley, Iosif Shinder, Joey Boyd, Fabio Costa, Samuel Araujo

A bilateral comparison of airspeed standards between NIST and Inmetro was carried out over the range 2 m/s to 20 m/s using three transfer standards: a Pitot tube, a 3D ultrasonic anemometer, and a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA). The instruments were

Mechanisms and Modeling of Corrosion Initiation in RC Structures

May 20, 2026

Author(s)

Mohammadamin Hariri Ardebili, Siamak Sattar

The Effect of Different Gases on Critical Flow Nozzles

May 20, 2026

Author(s)

John Wright, Christopher Crowley, Aaron Johnson, Shinichi Nakao

Critical nozzles and critical flow venturis are widely used gas flow meters because of their excellent calibration stability and well-developed flow theory. It is often desirable to calibrate them using one gas (dry air or nitrogen) and extrapolate that

Traceability Chain and Uncertainty of the U.S. National Flow Standard for High Pressure Natural Gas

May 20, 2026

Author(s)

Aaron Johnson, Brad Sims, Jason Johansen, Joel Clancy

In 2009 NIST and CEESI Iowa established an internationally recognized flow standard to calibrate flow meters used for custody transfer of high-pressure natural gas. Initially, the flow capacity of the facility ranged from 0.25 m3/s (18 kg/s) to 10.7 m3/s

Ultra-low-speed anemometer calibrations in a bench-top wind tunnel

May 20, 2026

Author(s)

Christopher Crowley, Jeyadave Kumar, Iosif Shinder

Accurate calibration of anemometers at ultra-low airspeeds (i.e. speeds below 1 m/s) is essential for applications such as indoor airflow measurement, cleanroom monitoring, and environmental sensing. To address this need, the National Institute of

Quasistatic Crack Formation in Multiphase Materials Driven by Internal Phases Expansion Mechanisms: Application to Cement-Based Materials

May 19, 2026

Author(s)

Osamah Dehwah, Edward Garboczi, Nicos Martys, Stephanie Watson

Internal crack formation and propagation are often found in concrete undergoing expansion of some internal phase or phases, driven by deterioration mechanisms such as pyrrhotite oxidation or alkali-silica reaction. This study employs a 2-D finite element

Development, characterization, and inter-laboratory validation of methylated human cell free DNA candidate reference materials

May 18, 2026

Author(s)

Zhiyong He, Hua-Jun He, Kenneth Cole, Yves Konigshofer, Russell Garlick, Jayanthi Ramprakash, Matthew Young, Eric Hall, Adam Corner, Michelle Clarissa, Jocelyn Wright, Victoria Cannon, Ming Yu, William Grady, Cecilia Yeung, Zachary Heimer, Zhili Wang, ShiPing Zou, Shidong Jia, Fang Liu, Giancarlo Bonora, Karol Bomsztyk, Daniel Mar

Aberrant DNA methylation biomarkers have demonstrated potential for early cancer detection, multicancer detection, and determining the tissue of origin. Due to their stability, frequency, and accessibility in bodily fluids, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA

RUFEERS (Recognizing Ultra Fine-grained Entities, Events, and Relations) Annotation Guidelines

May 18, 2026

Author(s)

Shudong Huang, Song Chen, Justin Mott

A key area in natural language processing and by extension, in artificial intelligence, is a system's ability to extract entities (things in the world), events (who does what and when), and relations (who is related to whom in what way) and to transform

String-Breaking Dynamics in Quantum Adiabatic and Diabatic Processes

May 18, 2026

Author(s)

Federica Surace, Alessio Lerose, Or Katz, Elizabeth Bennewitz, Alex Schuckert, Zohreh Davoudi, Alexey Gorshkov, Christopher Monroe, Brayden Ware, Arinjoy De, Henry Luo, Kate Collins, Will Morong

Summary Analysis of Responses to the Request for Information Regarding Security Considerations for AI Agents

May 18, 2026

Author(s)

Jared Riggs, Maia Hamin, Neil Perry, Benjamin Edelman, Peter Cihon

This report provides an overview of the responses to a Request for Information (RFI) issued by the U.S. Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI) on the state of artificial intelligence (AI) agent security. Commenters were asked for input on the

Comparing Sub-Gap and Above-Gap Pulsed Radiation Sources for Measuring Oxygen Concentration in MgO Using Atom Probe Tomography

May 17, 2026

Author(s)

Ann Debay, Benjamin Caplins, Christopher Mead, Jacob Garcia, Luis Miaja Avila

This paper explores the experimental conditions required to achieve an apparent stoichiometric composition measurement in MgO using near ultraviolet (NUV; 355 nm) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV; ≈29 nm) pulsed laser sources in atom probe tomography. MgO

Advancing Human-Centered Cybersecurity: Challenges and Pathways Forward

May 15, 2026

Author(s)

Anuradha Rangarajan, Julie Haney, Matthew Canham, Mike Elkins, Lisa Flynn, Matthew Gordin, Victoria Granova, Wenjing Huang, Jody Jacobs, Greg Moody, Michael Ross, Robert Thomson, Joe Uchill

We present the key themes from the workshop "ConnectCon: Minding the Gaps in Human-Centered Cybersecurity," which can inform efforts of researchers and practitioners toward a collective goal of improving cybersecurity outcomes for all.

Operando XPS in reactive plasmas: The importance of the wall reactions

May 15, 2026

Author(s)

John Diulus, Ashley Head, J. Anibal Boscoboinik, Andrei Kolmakov

Advancements in differential pumping and electron optics over the past few decades have enabled x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements at near-ambient pressures, bridging the pressure gap for characterizing realistic sample chemistries

Probabilistic Carbon Assessment of Post-Disaster Building Repairs using Pelicun-LCA

May 15, 2026

Author(s)

Yating Zhang, Arpit Nema, Dustin Cook, Juan Fung, Siamak Sattar

Pelicun is an open-source software package developed by the National Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure's (NHERI) Computational Modeling and Simulation Center (SimCenter) to evaluate building damage and losses resulting from natural hazards. Based

Solidification

May 15, 2026

Author(s)

Dilip Banerjee, William Boettinger

Solidification is a well-known subject. Some of the common examples of solidification are the casting of metals in industrial practice, the formation of ice, and the freezing of solder in electrical circuits. Manufacturing of almost every man-made

Certification of Standard Reference Material 1474c, a Polyethylene Resin

May 14, 2026

Author(s)

Kalman Migler, Nathanael Heckert, Suzanne Thornton

The melt flow rate of Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1474c, a linear polyethylene (narrow MWD ethylene-hexene copolymer) resin, was determined to be 5.04 g/10 min at 190 °C under a load of 2.16 kg using the ASTM Method D 1238-23a. The average is a

Robust AI Security and Alignment: A Sisyphean Endeavor?

May 14, 2026

Author(s)

Apostol Vassilev

This article establishes information-theoretic limitations for robustness of artificial intelligence (AI) security and alignment. Knowing these limitations and preparing for their challenges is essential for responsible adoption of AI. Broader implications

Status Report on the Second Round of the Additional Digital Signature Schemes for the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process

May 14, 2026

Author(s)

Dustin Moody, Gorjan Alagic, Maxime Bros, Pierre Ciadoux, Quynh Dang, Thinh Dang, John Kelsey, Jacob Lichtinger, Yi-Kai Liu, Carl Miller, Rene Peralta, Ray Perlner, Angela Robinson, Hamilton Silberg, Daniel Smith-Tone, Noah Waller

NIST is in the process of evaluating public-key digital signature algorithms for potential standardization to protect sensitive information into the foreseeable future, including after the advent of quantum computers. Any signature scheme that is

Advanced communications
-Open Radio Access Network (Open-RAN)
-Quantum communications
-Spectrum sharing
-Wireless (RF)
Artificial intelligence
-AI measurement and evaluation
-Autonomous systems
--Automated vehicles
--Autonomous laboratories
-Applied AI
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-Hardware for AI
-Machine learning
-Trustworthy and responsible AI
Bioscience
-Bioeconomy
--Biological data
-Bioimaging
-Bioinformatics
-Biomanufacturing
-Biomaterials
-Biometrology
-Biosecurity
--Biosurveillance
--Genomic cybersecurity
--Nucleic acid sequence screening
-Cell measurements
-Engineering / synthetic biology
--Biofabrication
--Cell-free systems
--Genome engineering
--Protein engineering
-Gene delivery systems
-Genome editing
-Genomics
-Glycomics
-Metabolomics
-Microbial measurements
-Proteomics
Buildings and construction
-Building codes and standards
-Building control systems
-Building damage and repair
-Building economics
-Building materials
-Energy efficiency
-Heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment
-Indoor air quality
-Structural engineering
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Chemistry
-Analytical chemistry
-Chemical engineering and processing
-Chemical thermodynamics and chemical properties
-Molecular characterization
-Theoretical chemistry and modeling
-Thermochemical properties
Electronics
-Electromagnetics
-Flexible electronics
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-Optoelectronics
-Organic electronics
-Semiconductors
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Energy
-Alternative energy
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Environment
-Air / water / soil quality
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-Environmental health
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Fire
-Fire detection
-Fire dynamics and science
-Fire fighting
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-Materials flammability
-Structural fire resistance
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Forensic science
-Digital evidence
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-Forensic biometrics
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Health
-Biopharmaceuticals
-Cell and gene therapy
-Clinical diagnostics
--Cancer
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-Food and nutrition
-Human microbiome
-Precision medicine
-Regenerative medicine and advanced therapy
--Flow cytometry
Information technology
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-Cloud computing and virtualization
-Complex systems
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--Smart cities
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--Mobile and wireless networking
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Infrastructure
Manufacturing
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-Systems engineering
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Materials
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-Composites
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-Materials characterization
--Composition and structure
--Mechanical properties
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Mathematics and statistics
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Metrology
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Nanotechnology
-Nanobiotechnology
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Neutron research
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Physics
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Public safety
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Resilience
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Standards
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Transportation
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