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Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 26 - 50 of 143806

A Standards-Guided Approach for Formalizing Product Circularity Assessment Metrics

July 3, 2025
Author(s)
Junwon Ko, Sandwana Sneethan, Gisele Bortolaz Guedes, Fazleena Badurdeen, I.S. Jawahir, Buddhika Hapuwatte, Katherine Morris
The industrial transition towards a more sustainable Circular Economy (CE) emphasizes the need for products that align with CE principles and robust methods for assessing their circularity performance. However, ambiguities between metrics vs. indicators

Event Report for "MLXN25: Machine Learning for X-ray and Neutron Scattering"

July 3, 2025
Author(s)
Peter Beaucage, Tanny Andrea Chavez Esparza, Alexander Hexemer, Tyler Martin, Peter Muller-Buschbaum, Stephan Roth, Xiaoping Wang
The MLXN25 virtual event was held on April 15, 2025, as a continuous 24-hour global event, uniting over 300 registered participants from 18 countries and 20 user facilities to discuss how machine learning (ML) is transforming X-ray and neutron science

Implementation of a 1 GO star-mesh graphene quantum Hall array resistance standard network for high resistance calibration

July 3, 2025
Author(s)
Dean Jarrett, Albert Rigosi, Yanfei Yang, Alireza Panna, David Newell, Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran, Wei-Chen Lin, Marta Musso, Cheng-Hsueh Yang, Chi-Te Liang, Massimo Ortolano, Randolph Elmquist
A 1 GΩ star-mesh quantized Hall array resistance standard (QHARS) made of thirty-seven quantum Hall effect (QHE) elements was fabricated and tested. The 1 GΩ QHARS has three orders of magnitude fewer QHE elements than a largely series 1 GΩ QHARS, which

Entropy-assisted nanosecond stochastic operation in perpendicular superparamagnetic tunnel junctions

July 2, 2025
Author(s)
Lucile Soumah, Louise Desplat, Nhat-Tan PHAN, Ahmed SIDI EL VALLI, Advait Madhavan, Florian DISDIER, Auffret Stephane, Ricardo Sousa, Ursula Ebels, Mark Stiles, Philippe Talatchian
We demonstrate a good agreement between mean dwell times measured in 50nm diameter, perpendicularly magnetized superparamagnetic tunnel junctions (SMTJ), and theoretical predictions based on Langer's theory. Due to a large entropic contribution, the theory

Impact of near interface defects on NO annealed SiC MOSFET mobility

July 2, 2025
Author(s)
Yu Xin Wen, Bing-Yue Tsui, Kin Cheung
A series of recent studies asserted that near-interface-traps (NITs) are introduced by the post-oxidation NO annealing process and these NITs are the cause for the low mobility of NO annealed SiC MOSFETs. We use fast Id-Vg measurement to directly probe

Characterization of Monostatic Base Stations Sensing Resolution Using 5G Reference Signals

July 1, 2025
Author(s)
Tanguy Ropitault, Steve Blandino, David Griffith, Thao Nguyen, Anirudha Sahoo, Nada Golmie
Sensing is poised to be a crucial feature in 6G, leading 3GPP to integrate sensing capabilities into the 5G New Radio (NR) framework. Significant progress has been made, but extensive work remains in defining architectures, protocol operations, and

Analyzing Collusion Threats in the Semiconductor Supply Chain

June 30, 2025
Author(s)
Sanjay Rekhi, Kostas Amberiadis, Abir Ahsan Akib, Ankur Srivastava
In this work, we propose a comprehensive framework to analyze threats related to semiconductor supply chain. The framework introduces a metric which quantifies the severity of different threats subjected to a collusion of adversaries from different stages

Impact of Ni-like metastable states and hyperfine quenching on charge state distribution in an EBIT

June 30, 2025
Author(s)
Chowdhury Abrar Faiyaz, Endre Takacs, Timothy Burke, FNU Dipti, Galen O'Neil, Adam Hosier, Hunter Staiger, Joseph Tan, Yuri Ralchenko
We show the effects of ladder ionization and hyperfine quenching on charge state distributions and spectral features of ions in electron beam ion trap (EBIT) devices. Ladder ionization with intermediate excitation of metastable states proceeds at lower

Guidelines for API Protection for Cloud-Native Systems

June 27, 2025
Author(s)
Ramaswamy Chandramouli, Zack Butcher
Modern enterprise IT systems rely on a family of application programming interfaces (APIs) for integration to support organizational business processes. Hence, a secure deployment of APIs is critical for overall enterprise security. This, in turn, requires

A Comparison of Bulk with Micro-Volume Elemental Values for NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Nicholas Sharp, Maria Isabel Vega Martinez, Ruthmara Corzo, Blaza Toman, Rick Paul, Jamie Weaver
NIST SRM 610 and 612 (Trace Elements in Glass) are routinely used for microanalytical measurements but were designed to be bulk-scale reference materials. This study investigates an approach to quantify the differences between values for elements obtained

Advanced Characterization of the Cure Kinetics of a Liquid Encapsulant

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Anthony Kotula, Ran Tao, Jianwei Tu, Young Lee, Gale Holmes
Liquid encapsulants are versatile packaging materials that provide electrical insulation and mechanical protection for microelectronic devices. As more advanced encapsulants are formulated to address modern packaging needs, advanced characterization

Advanced Metrology Suite for Linking Residual Stress to Fundamental Properties of Thermoset Packaging Materials

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Polette Centellas, Stian Romberg, Ran Tao, Alexander Landauer, Karl Schoch, Huong Giang Nguyen, Gale Holmes, Gery Stafford, Christopher Soles
Residual stresses inevitably develop in thermosetting materials used for semiconductor packaging during the curing process and in service. Understanding the development of these deleterious stresses is necessary for improving predictive models and

Digital-Twin-Assisted Clustering of Radio-Frequency Multipath Components

June 26, 2025
Author(s)
Anuraag Bodi, Jihoon Bang, Neeraj Varshney, Samuel Berweger, Chiehping Lai, Jelena Senic, Jack Chuang, Camillo Gentile
Clustering radio-frequency (RF) multipath components (MPCs) fosters compact channel models by capturing the geometry of the scattering environment, yet "blind" methods based solely on RF data struggle to associate MPCs with individual scatterers. We

2024 NIST GenAI (Pilot Study): Text-to-Text Evaluation Overview and Results

June 25, 2025
Author(s)
Hariharan Iyer, Seungmin Seo, Lukas Diduch, Kay Peterson, George Awad, Yooyoung Lee
The 2024 NIST Generative AI (GenAI) Pilot Study focuses on evaluating text-to-text (T2T) generation and discrimination tasks to assess the capabilities and limitations of generative AI models and AI detectors. The study aims to measure the effectiveness of

Dynamical structure factor from weak measurements

June 25, 2025
Author(s)
Emine Altuntas, Rosaria Gabriella Lena, Stuart Flannigan, Ian Spielman, Andrew Daley
Much of our knowledge of quantum systems is encapsulated in the expectation value of Hermitian operators, experimentally obtained by averaging projective measurements. However, dynamical properties are often described by products of operators evaluated at

Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models Using Diversion Decoding

June 24, 2025
Author(s)
Basel Abdeen, S M Tahmid Siddiqui, Meah Tahmeed Ahmed, Anoop Singhal, Latifur Khan, Punya Modi, Ehab Al-Shaer
Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful tool for retrieving knowledge through seamless, human-like interactions. Despite their advanced text generation capabilities, LLMs exhibit hallucination tendencies, where they generate factually

Blackbody radiation Zeeman shift in Rydberg atoms

June 23, 2025
Author(s)
Kyle Beloy, Benjamin Hunt, Roger Brown, Tobias Bothwell, Youssef Hassan, Jacob Siegel, Tanner Grogan, Andrew Ludlow
We consider the Zeeman shift in Rydberg atoms induced by room-temperature blackbody radiation (BBR). BBR shifts to the Rydberg levels are dominated by the familiar BBR Stark shift. However, the BBR Stark shift and the BBR Zeeman shift exhibit different

First direct search for light dark matter interactions in a transition-edge sensor

June 23, 2025
Author(s)
Christina Schwemmbauer, Adriana Lita, Yonit Hochberg, Axel Lindner, Friederike Januschek, Manuel Meyer, Benjamin Lehmann
We propose the use of transition-edge sensor (TES) single-photon detectors as a simultaneous target and sensor for direct dark matter searches, and report results from the first search of this kind. We perform a 489 h science run with a TES device

X-ray scintillating lanthanide-based coordination polymers

June 23, 2025
Author(s)
Elizabeth Decoteau, Claire Belatti, Huong Giang Nguyen, Luiz Jacobsohn, Robert Surbella, III, Christopher Cahill
Reported are the syntheses and characterization of 25 lanthanide-containing coordination polymers exhibiting four structure types: type I': [Ln(TFTP)1.5(bpy)] (Ln = La3+-Nd3+), type I: [Ln(TFTP)1.5(bpy)(H2O)] (Ln = Sm3+-Lu3+), type II': [Pr(TFTP)1.5(phen)]
Displaying 26 - 50 of 143806
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