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Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 22351 - 22375 of 73697

Toward a Probe-Based Method for Determining Exfoliation Energies of Lamellar Materials

October 4, 2012
Author(s)
Zhao Z. Deng, Alexander Smolyanitsky, Qunyang Li, Xi-Qiao Feng, Rachel J. Cannara
We discuss a potential new measurement application based on nanotribological measurements and simulations of the model lamellar material graphite. While frictional forces always oppose motion, we have observed that friction increases with decreasing load

Quasianalytical modal approach for computing Casimir interactions in periodic nanostructures

October 3, 2012
Author(s)
Francesco Intravaia, Paul S. Davids, Ricardo Decca, Vladimir Aksyuk, Daniel Lopez, Diego A. Dalvit
We present an almost fully analytical technique for computing Casimir interactions between 1D periodic lamellar gratings based on a modal approach. Our method improves on previous work on Casimir modal approaches for nanostructures by using the exact form

Biosynthesis of Athmu, a alpha,gamma-hydroxy-ss-amino acid of pahayokolides A-B

October 2, 2012
Author(s)
Li Liu, Dan Bearden, Juan C. Rodriguez, Kathleen S. Rein
Pahayokolides A-B are cyanobacteria derived non-ribosomal peptides which exhibit cytotoxicity against a number of cancer cell lines. The biosynthetic origin of the 3-amino-2,5,7,8- tetrahydroxy-10-methylundecanoic acid (Athmu) moiety has been investigated

Extending single-photon optimized superconducting transition edge sensors beyond the single-photon counting regime

October 2, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas Gerrits, Brice R. Calkins, Nathan A. Tomlin, Adriana E. Lita, Alan L. Migdall, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin
Photon number resolving transition-edge sensors (TES) are the cutting-edge enabling technology for high quantum efficiency photon counting when the number of photons of an input state needs to be determined. The TES developed at NIST reliably show system

Extending single-photon optimized superconducting transition edge sensors beyond the single-photon counting regime

October 2, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas Gerrits, Brice R. Calkins, Nathan A. Tomlin, Adriana E. Lita, Alan L. Migdall, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam
Typically, transition edge sensors resolve photon number of up to 10 or 20 photons, depending on the wavelength and TES design. We extend that dynamic range up to 1000 photons, while maintaining sub- shot noise detection process uncertainty of the number

Helium Dispersion in an Attached Single-Car Residential Garage with and Without Vehicle

October 2, 2012
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Jiann C. Yang, Marco G. Fernandez, Kuldeep R. Prasad
The dispersion and loss of helium inside a single-car residential garage attached to a single-family house was experimentally characterized by recording time-resolved helium concentrations at multiple locations in the garage and at a single location in the

Magnetic Neutron Scattering

October 2, 2012
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Lynn
Neutron scattering is a powerful tool to investigate the magnetic structures and spin dynamics of materials. In this tutorial we provide examples of the application of magnetic neutron diffraction using polycrystalline materials, single crystals, thin

A 4:1 transmission-line impedance transformer for broadband superconducting circuits

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Leonardo M. Ranzani, Lafe F. Spietz, Jose A. Aumentado, Zoya Popovic
We present a 4 : 1 superconducting transmission-line impedance transformer for cryogenic applications. The device transforms 25 {Ω} in the coplanar waveguide to 6.25 {Ω} in the microstrip and is designed to operate at 20 mK. Calibrated measurements in a

A titanium-nitride near-infrared kinetic inductance photon-counting detector and its anomalous electrodynamics

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Martin O. Sandberg, Fabio C. da Silva, Kent D. Irwin, David P. Pappas, Sae Woo Nam, David Wisbey, Ben Mazin, Seth Meeker, Jonas Zmuidzinas, Henry G. Leduc
We demonstrate single-photon counting at 1550 nm with titanium-nitride (TiN) microwave kinetic inductancedetectors. Full-width-at-half-maximum energy resolution of 0.4 eV is achieved. 0-, 1-, 2- photon events are resolved and shown to follow Poisson

Characterization of Perchlorate in a New Frozen Human Urine Standard Reference Material

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Lee L. Yu, William C. Davis, Rabia Oflaz, Gregory C. Turk, Jeff M. Jarrett, Liza Valentin, Benjamin C. Blount, Dennis D. Leber, Eric L. Kilpatrick
Perchlorate, an inorganic anion, has recently been recognized as an environmental contaminant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Assessment of human exposure to perchlorate requires measurement of the anion in urine. Although the

Faster, Better, Cheaper: New Automated Vacuum Calibration Service at NIST

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Jacob E. Ricker, Jay H. Hendricks, Douglas A. Olson, Gregory F. Strouse
In today’s fast-paced world and ever expanding quality assurance requirements, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a system to fill the need for faster, better, and cheaper low pressure calibrations (0.65 Pa to 130 kPa)

Influence of mercury and selenium chemistries on the progression of cardiomyopathy in pygmy sperm whales, Kogia breviceps

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Colleen E. Bryan Sallee, William C. Davis, Wayne E. McFee, Carola A. Neumann, Jennifer Schulte, Gregory D. Bossart, Steven J. Christopher
More than half of pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) that strand exhibit signs of cardiomyopathy (CMP). Many factors may contribute to the development of idiopathic CMP in K. breviceps, including genetics, infectious agents, contaminants, biotoxins, and

Interstellar Carbodiimide (HNCNH) - A New Astronomical Detection from the GBT PRIMOS Survey via Maser Emission Features

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Brett A. McGuire, Ryan A. Loomis, Cameron M. Charness, Geoffery A. Blake, Jan M. Hollis, Francis J. Lovas, Philip R. Jewell, Anthony J. Remijan
Historically, searches for new astronomical molecules resulted in the detection of favorable, high line strength transitions based on a thermal approximation to the excitation of these species in interstellar environments. Given the temperatures of hot

Microsecond Accuracy at Multiple Locations: Is it possible without GPS?

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Michael A. Lombardi
The microsecond is the most discussed unit in industrial timing systems, because microsecond accuracy is required to support critical infrastructure. Most critical infrastructure timing systems depend upon GPS, simply because microsecond accuracy is easy

On the Contribution of Bulk Defects on Charge Pumping Current

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Jason T. Ryan, Richard G. Southwick, Jason P. Campbell, Kin P. Cheung, John S. Suehle
Frequency dependent charge pumping (FD-CP) has emerged as a popular technique for studying the spatial and energetic distribution of defect centers in advanced high-k gate stacks. However, conflicting interpretations of the charge pumping frequency -

Partitioning of Ethanol into Lipid Membranes and its Effect on Fluidity and Permeability as seen by X-ray and Neutron Scattering

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Laura Toppozini, Clare L. Armstrong, Matthew A. Barrett, Songbo Zheng, Lindy Luo, Hirsh Nanda, Victoria Garcia Sakai, Maikel C. Rheinstadter
We present a combined neutron and x-ray scattering investigation to study the effect of ethanol on molecular structure and dynamics of lipid membranes. DMPC powder hydrated with a 5wt% ethanol solution (corresponding to 2mol% of ethanol) were used for this
Displaying 22351 - 22375 of 73697
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