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Information Technology

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Displaying 326 - 350 of 2284

National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan 2020

February 9, 2021
Author(s)
Heather Evans, Kristen K. Greene, William M. Healy, Elizabeth Hoffman, Kate Rimmer, Anna V. Sberegaeva, Neil M. Zimmerman
The 2020 National Institute of Standards and Technology Environmental Scan provides an analysis of key external factors that could impact NIST and the fulfillment of its mission in coming years. The analyses were conducted through four separate lenses

A system of quantities from software metrology

January 15, 2021
Author(s)
David Flater
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 80000, the International System of Quantities, collects and organizes the most important physical quantities into a coherent system of quantities whose

Securing Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) Cybersecurity for the Healthcare Sector

December 21, 2020
Author(s)
Jennifer L. Cawthra, Sue S. Wang, Bronwyn J. Hodges, Kangmin Zheng, Ryan T. Williams, Jason J. Kuruvilla, Christopher L. Peloquin, Kevin Littlefield, Bob Neimeyer
Medical imaging plays an important role in diagnosing and treating patients. The system that manages medical images is known as the picture archiving communication system (PACS) and is nearly ubiquitous in healthcare environments. PACS is defined by the

An Integrated Set of XML Tools User Guide

December 16, 2020
Author(s)
Thomas R. Kramer, Zeid Kootbally, Craig Schlenoff
This user guide describes an integrated set of C++ software tools for manipulating XML (eXtensible Markup Language) schemas and XML instance files. The tools are: - xmlSchemaParser - parses and reformats XML schema files, prints type derivation hierarchies

Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations

December 10, 2020
Author(s)
Ronald S. Ross, Victoria Y. Pillitteri
This publication provides a catalog of security and privacy controls for information systems and organizations to protect organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation from a diverse set of threats and risks

Data Integrity: Detecting and Responding to Ransomware and Other Destructive Events

December 8, 2020
Author(s)
Jennifer L. Cawthra, Michael R. Ekstrom, Lauren N. Lusty, Julian T. Sexton, John E. Sweetnam
Ransomware, destructive malware, insider threats, and even honest mistakes present an ongoing threat to organizations that manage data in various forms. Database records and structure, system files, configurations, user files, application code, and

Data Integrity: Identifying and Protecting Assets Against Ransomware and Other Destructive Events

December 8, 2020
Author(s)
Jennifer L. Cawthra, Michael R. Ekstrom, Lauren N. Lusty, Julian T. Sexton, John E. Sweetnam, Anne R. Townsend
Ransomware, destructive malware, insider threats, and even honest user mistakes present ongoing threats to organizations. Organizations' data, such as database records, system files, configurations, user files, applications, and customer data, are all

Recommendation for Stateful Hash-Based Signature Schemes

October 29, 2020
Author(s)
David Cooper, Daniel Apon, Quynh H. Dang, Michael S. Davidson, Morris Dworkin, Carl Miller
This recommendation specifies two algorithms that can be used to generate a digital signature, both of which are stateful hash-based signature schemes: the Leighton-Micali Signature (LMS) system and the eXtended Merkle Signature Scheme (XMSS), along with

Combinatorial Methods for Explainable AI

October 24, 2020
Author(s)
David R. Kuhn, Raghu N. Kacker, Yu Lei, Dimitris Simos
This paper introduces an approach to producing explanations or justifications of decisions made by artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) systems, using methods derived from fault location in combinatorial testing. We use a conceptually

Augmenting Deep Learning Models for Speech Emotion Recognition

October 19, 2020
Author(s)
Ram Sriram, Dinesh Manocha, Sarala Padi
We present a Multi-Window Data Augmentation (MWA-SER) approach for speech emotion recognition. MWA-SER is a unimodal approach that focuses on two key concepts; designing the speech augmentation method and building the deep learning model to recognize the

FPGA Implementation of a Low Latency and High SFDR Direct Digital Synthesizer for Resource-Efficient Quantum-Enhanced Communication

October 15, 2020
Author(s)
FNU Nur Fajar Rizqi Annafianto, Jabir Marakkarakath Vadakkepurayil, Ivan Burenkov, Hasan Urgurdag, Abdella Battou, Sergey Polyakov
In most modulation schemes for a telecommunication system, a fast and efficient sinusoidal signal generator is needed. Here we report on an FPGA implementation of a versatile CORDIC Based Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS). Most commercial lightwave

Data Integrity Recovering from Ransomware and Other Destructive Events

September 22, 2020
Author(s)
Anne R. Townsend, Timothy J. McBride, Lauren N. Lusty, Julian T. Sexton, Michael R. Ekstrom
Businesses face a near-constant threat of destructive malware, ransomware, malicious insider activities, and even honest mistakes that can alter or destroy critical data. These data corruption events could cause a significant loss to a company’s reputation

Vulnerability trends in web servers and browsers

September 21, 2020
Author(s)
M S Raunak, David Kuhn, Richard Kogut, Raghu Kacker
In previous work we have looked at trends in vulnerabilities due to ordinary programming errors [2, 3]. This analysis focuses on two of the most widely used types of software in today's internet, web browsers and web servers. In addition to reports of

Cryptanalysis of LEDAcrypt

September 16, 2020
Author(s)
Daniel C. Apon, Ray A. Perlner, Angela Y. Robinson, Paulo Santini
We report on the concrete cryptanalysis of LEDAcrypt, a 2nd Round candidate in NIST's Post- Quantum Cryptography standardization process and one of 17 encryption schemes that remain as candidates for near-term standardization. LEDAcrypt consists of a

Online VM Auto-Scaling Algorithms for Application Hosting in a Cloud

September 1, 2020
Author(s)
Yang Guo, Alexander Stolyar, Anwar Walid
We consider the auto-scaling problem for application hosting in a cloud, where applications are elastic and the number of requests changes over time. The application requests are serviced by Virtual Machines (VMs), which reside on Physical Machines (PMs)

2019 NIST/ITL Cybersecurity Program Annual Report

August 24, 2020
Author(s)
Patrick D. O'Reilly, Kristina G. Rigopoulos, Larry Feldman, Gregory A. Witte
During Fiscal Year 2019 (FY 2019), from October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019, the NIST Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) Cybersecurity and Privacy Program successfully responded to numerous challenges and opportunities in security and privacy

Aggregating Atomic Clocks for Time-Stamping

August 3, 2020
Author(s)
Temur Saidkhodjaev, Jeff Voas, D. Richard Kuhn, Joanna DeFranco, Phil Laplante
A timestamp is a critical component in many applications, such as proof of transaction ordering or analyzing algorithm performance. This paper reports on a method called Verified Timestamping (VT) that improves the standard timestamp protocol. VT was

Connecting, Deploying, and Using the Smart Manufacturing Systems Test Bed

July 16, 2020
Author(s)
Moneer M. Helu, Thomas D. Hedberg Jr.
This report describes how different smart manufacturing standards and technologies, such as MTConnect, were integrated in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Smart Manufacturing Systems (SMS) Test Bed to support the collection

Recommendations for Collecting, Curating, and Re-Using Manufacturing Data

July 16, 2020
Author(s)
Moneer M. Helu, Thomas D. Hedberg Jr.
This report provides general recommendations for collecting, curating, and re-using manufacturing data from both additive and subtractive processes. The intended audience includes researchers, technical-assessment personnel, and end-users who would like to

Big Data Analytics for Smart Factories of the Future

June 18, 2020
Author(s)
Robert Gao, Lihui Wang, Moneer Helu, Roberto Teti
Continued advancement of sensors has led to an ever-increasing amount of data of various physical nature to be acquired from production lines. As rich information relevant to the machines and processes are embedded within these "big data," how to
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