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The multistep spin reorientation transition of ultrathin iron films on bulk gadolinium is described theoretically. We find that it is necessary to include cubic terms in the magnetic anisotropy energy expansion in order to explain this phenomenon
We have measured current-induced magnetic excitations in a variety of exchange-coupled Co/Cu multilayers using point-contact spectroscopy. A step in the DC resistance and corresponding peak in dV/dI are observed at a critical current Ic whose value
We report measurements on sub-100 nm current-perpendicular-to-place Co/Cu/Co spin-valves. The giant magnetoresistance versus applied magnetic field shows the switching in individual patterned Co nanomagnets. Spin transfer from the spin-polarized current to