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Fire

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  • Published Date
Displaying 1976 - 2000 of 3901

Design of Occupant Egress Systems for Tall Buildings

April 19, 2004
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Richard W. Bukowski
This paper presents an overview of current work and a discussion of the features of protected elevator systems that can provide safe and reliable operation both for fire service access and for occupant egress during fires. These features include water

Performance Evaluation Facility for LADARs

April 12, 2004
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok, William C. Stone
The use and scope of LADAR (laser detection and ranging) applications continues to expand as the technology matures. This growth is reflected in the National Institute of Standards and Technology s (NIST) experience with research into the applications of

An Optimized Design of Finned-Tube Evaporators Using the Learnable Evolution Model

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, David A. Yashar, Kenneth Kaufman, RK S. Michalski
Optimizing the refrigerant circuitry for a finned-tube evaporator is a daunting task for traditional exhaustive search techniques due to the extremely large number of circuitry possibilities. For this reason, more intelligent search techniques are needed

Characteristics of Fire Scenarios in Which Sublethal Effects of Smoke Are Important

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Jason D. Averill, Paul A. Reneke, Walter W. Jones
A number of simulations were performed using the CFAST zone fire model to predict the relative times at which smoke inhalation and heat exposure would result in incapacitation. Fires in three building types were modeled: a ranch house, a hotel, and an

Fire Safety of Passenger Trains. Phase 3. Evaluation of Fire Hazard Analysis Using Full-Scale Passenger Rail Car Tests (NISTIR 6563)

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Jason D. Averill, Daniel M. Madrzykowski, D W. Stroup, Paul A. Reneke, Richard W. Bukowski
Fire safety is an area of particular interest for both conventional intercity and commuter passenger trains, and new high-speed trains. A systems approach to fire safety addresses passenger rail car design and materials, detection and suppression

Generation and Transport of Smoke Components.

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, George W. Mulholland
Smoke is a mixture of gases and suspended particulate matter, or aerosols. The nature of the aerosol component of smoke can play a significant role in the lethal and sublethal effects on people. This paper presents the current state of knowledge about

SCC Evolution of Formwork Hydraulic Pressure and Rheological Properties

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
S Amziane, Chiara C. Ferraris
An experimental investigation was performed to determine the hydraulic pressure variation of cementitious based materials (cement paste, concrete, SCC, etc.) during the plastic phase. A method based on measurements of both total lateral pressure and

Source Strengths of Ultrafine and Fine Particles Due to Cooking With a Gas Stove

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
L A. Wallace, Steven Emmerich, Cynthia H. Reed
Cooking, particularly frying, is an important source of particles indoors. Few studies have measured a full range of particle sizes produced during cooking. In this study, particles in 124 size bins from 0.01 mm to 2.5 mm were measured continuously over

Stability of Voids Formed in Cavities at Liquid-Solid Interfaces

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Bullard
A thermodynamic model is developed of the free energy of gas-filled voids formed within cavities on solid surfaces covered by a liquid. Capillary effects are assumed to be the only important contributions to the free energy, and expressions are derived for

Suppression of Cup-Burner Flames Using Carbon Dioxide in Microgravity

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
V Katta, F Takahashi, Gregory T. Linteris
Carbon dioxide extinguishes flames through dilution process. The extinction characteristics of CO2 were previously studied using a cup-burner flame under normal-gravity conditions. As the diffusion flames behave differently in microgravity compared to

The New DOE Dishwasher Test Procedure: Development and First Results

March 29, 2004
Author(s)
Natascha S. Milesi-Ferretti, J Bowman, B Twigg
This paper summarizes the main changes to the test procedure for residential dishwashers and, Department of Energy s (DOE, Department) and industry s collaborative efforts to develop the data supporting those changes. It also quantifies energy consumption

Building Regulatory Systems in a Post-September 11 World

March 22, 2004
Author(s)
Richard W. Bukowski
The September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States have initiated a significant discussion and rethinking among building regulators not only in the U.S., but also around the world. While most quickly state that regulations should not require that

Pumice Aggregates for Internal Water Curing

March 17, 2004
Author(s)
Pietro Lura, Dale P. Bentz, D Lange, K Kovler, A Bentur
A novel concept in internal curing of High Performance Concrete is based on dispersing very small, saturated lightweight aggregates (LWA) in the concrete, containing sufficient water to counteract self-desiccation. The amount of water in the LWA can be

The Effect of Movement During Cure of a Silicone Sealant

March 8, 2004
Author(s)
Christopher C. White, Donald L. Hunston
Movement of the building joint sealant during cure is thought to affect the fully cured mechanical properties. To examine this potential effect, a one-part silicone sealant was cured from 10 h to 168 h after sample creation before the onset of movement

Structural Collapse Fire Tests: Single Story, Wood Frame Structures

March 1, 2004
Author(s)
D W. Stroup, Nelson P. Bryner, James J. Lee, Jay A. McElroy, G Roadarmel, W H. Twilley
A series of fire tests were conducted in Phoenix, Arizona to develop data for evaluation of a methodology for predicting structural collapse. The fire test scenario was selected as part of a training video being prepared by the Phoenix, Arizona Fire

XML Schema Development Guidelines. Version 1.0

February 1, 2004
Author(s)
Mark E. Palmer, M Burns, T L. Teague
These guidelines summarize the background, rationale and guiding principles that the FIATECH program is using to produce XML domain schemas for automating information exchanges in the capital facilities industries and over the life cycle of equipment used

The NIST 3 Megawatt Quantitative Heat Release Rate Facility

January 12, 2004
Author(s)
Rodney A. Bryant, Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Erik L. Johnsson, Anthony P. Hamins, B S. Grove, William F. Guthrie, Alexander Maranghides
The 3 Megawatt Heat Release Rate Facility was developed at NIST as a first step toward having broad capabilities for making quantitative large scale fire measurements. Such capabilities will be used at NIST to validate fire models and to develop sub-grid
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