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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 501 - 525 of 924

Measurement Science Roadmap for Workability of Cementitious Materials: Workshop Summary Report

August 15, 2011

Author(s)

Chiara F. Ferraris, Nicos Martys

This report summarizes the results of the workshop Measurement Science Roadmap for Workability of Cementitious Materials held on March 18, 2011 in Gaithersburg Maryland and sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology with

DETERMINATION OF MEAN DENSITIES, POROSITY AND THICKNESS OF BIOFILMS ATTACHED ON IRREGULAR-SHAPED MEDIA

August 10, 2011

Author(s)

Edward J. Garboczi, Meng Hu, Tian Zhang

Biofilm density, porosity, and thickness are biofilm architecture properties that are important but often difficult to measure. In this study, wet and dry biofilm densities and biofilm porosity in shredded tire biofilters were determined using conventional

Exposure and Fire Hazard Assessment of Nanoparticles in Fire Safe Consumer Products: Interagency Agreement Final Report

August 4, 2011

Author(s)

Rick D. Davis, Yeon S. Kim, Richard H. Harris Jr., Marc R. Nyden, Nasir M. Uddin, Treye Thomas

An innovative technology was evaluated to generate fire and health safe soft furnishings. Nanoparticle-based thin coatings on a polyurethane foam and nonwoven barrier fabric were applied using Layer-by-layer (Lbl) assembly. This is the first report of

Effect of sample conditioning on the water absorption of concrete

August 1, 2011

Author(s)

Javier Castro, Dale P. Bentz, Jason Weiss

ASTM C1585 is commonly used to determine the absorption and rate of absorption of water in unsaturated hydraulic cement concretes. ASTM C1585 preconditions the samples for a total of 18 days. Unfortunately however, the range of relative humidities that can

Optimization of Cement and Fly Ash Particles to Produce Sustainable Concretes

August 1, 2011

Author(s)

Dale P. Bentz, Andrew Hansen, John Guynn

In the drive to produce more sustainable concretes, considerable emphasis has been placed on replacing cement in concrete mixtures with more sustainable materials, both from a raw materials cost and a CO2 footprint perspective. High volume fly ash

O2 A-band line parameters to support atmospheric remote sensing. Part II: The rare isotopologues

July 21, 2011

Author(s)

Joseph T. Hodges, David A. Long, Daniel K. Havey, S. S. Yu, M Okumura, Charles E. Miller

Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) was employed to measure over 100 transitions in the R-branch of the b1Σg+←X3Σg-(0,0) band for the rare O2 isotopologues. The use of 17O- and 18O-enriched mixtures allowed for line positions to be

QUANTITATIVE MULTI-SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF PORTLAND CEMENT, FLY ASH AND SLAG USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND X-RAY ?-ANALYSIS

July 15, 2011

Author(s)

Paul E. Stutzman

Elemental X-ray μ-analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) backscattered electron imaging (BEI) are combined to develop quantitative phase maps for portland cement, fly ash, and slag. The process is facilitated with visual textural analysis of the

Characterization of Nanoparticle Release from Polymer Nanocomposites Due to Fire

July 6, 2011

Author(s)

Nasir M. Uddin, Marc R. Nyden, Rick D. Davis

Engineered nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanofibers (CNFs) are increasingly being used as fire retardants and performance additives in polymeric materials. However, because of their small size and ability to interact with biological

PDH-locked, frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer

June 16, 2011

Author(s)

Joseph T. Hodges, A. Cygan, Piotr Maslowski, Katarzyna E. Bielska, S. Wojtewicz, J. Domyslawska, Hisashi Abe, R.S. Trawinski, R. Ciurylo

We describe a high sensitivity and high spectral resolution laser absorption spectrometer based upon the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) technique. We used the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method to lock the probe laser to the high

Quantitative Characterization of Fly Ash Reactivity for use in Geopolymer Cements

June 15, 2011

Author(s)

Paul E. Stutzman

The ability to characterize the reactivity of fly ashes is an essential part of making use of this aluminosilicate-rich waste product in geopolymer binders. Most fly ash reactivity investigations only consider the bulk reactivity of the ash because of

Bridging the Micro to Macro Gap: A New Application for Milli-probe X-ray Fluorescence

June 1, 2011

Author(s)

Jeffrey M. Davis, Dale E. Newbury, Nicholas W. Ritchie, Edward P. Vicenzi, Dale P. Bentz, Albert J. Fahey

X-ray elemental mapping and x-ray spectrum imaging are powerful microanalytical tools. However, their scope is limited spatially by the raster area of a scanning electron microscope or microprobe. Limited sampling size becomes a significant issue when

Examining Capillary Depercolation in Cement-Based Materials: Measurement Techniques and Parameters which Influence their Interpretation

May 31, 2011

Author(s)

G Sant, Dale P. Bentz, Jason Weiss

The connectivity of the porosity in cement-based materials has an impact on material durability, the interpretation of experimental measurements such as chemical shrinkage, and the timing of curing operations. While several techniques have been used to

Effect of Initial Scarification and Overlay Treatment Timing on Chloride Concentrations in Concrete Bridge Decks

May 23, 2011

Author(s)

W. S. Guthrie, Curtis Nolan, Dale P. Bentz

Scarification and overlay (SO) procedures are often performed on concrete bridge decks to minimize the corrosion of reinforcing steel due to chloride ingress. Given the need to develop guidelines for the initial timing of SO treatments, the objectives of

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