NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Scattering-Parameter Models and Representations for Microwave Mixers
Published
Author(s)
Dylan F. Williams, Fabien Ndagijimana, Catherine A. Remley, Joel Dunsmore, Sean Hubert
Abstract
We present straight-forward models and representations for RF and image mixers, and develop simple rules for transforming electrical problems involving mixers and signals at several frequencies into equivalent single-frequency problems. We show how those models, representations, and rules can be applied to mixer characterization with vector network analyzers, and how they relate to more general scattering-parameter-based mixer and nonlinear circuit models currently in use.
Citation
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Williams, D.
, Ndagijimana, F.
, Remley, C.
, Dunsmore, J.
and Hubert, S.
(2005),
Scattering-Parameter Models and Representations for Microwave Mixers, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, [online], https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2004.839917
(Accessed October 6, 2025)