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We discuss the basic principles of operation of electrical sampling oscilloscopes and describe circuit models developed to design, characterize, and help explain their operation. We survey common oscilloscope calibration schemes that correct for finite oscilloscope impulse response, distortion and jitter in the oscilloscope time base, and impedance mismatches.
Remley, K.
and Williams, D.
(2003),
Sampling Oscilloscope Models and Calibrations, 2003 IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Philadelphia, PA, USA, [online], https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.2003.1210422, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=31272
(Accessed October 8, 2025)