Refrigerant Properties Development R&D: Final Report to U.S. Department of Energy on Interagency Agreements 892434-19-S-EE000031 and 892434-23-S-EE000120

Published

March 31, 2025

Author(s)

Mark McLinden, Katrina Avery, Ala Bazyleva, Ian Bell, Tara Fortin, Marcia Huber, Andrei Kazakov, Eric Lemmon, Stephanie Outcalt, Richard Perkins, Elizabeth Rasmussen, Demian Riccardi, Aaron Rowane

Abstract

The HVAC&R industry is facing the challenge of phasing down the use of the HFC (hydrofluoro-carbon) refrigerants. New energy-efficient refrigerants are required, and accurate property data for them are needed to design and operate new HVAC equipment using the new refrigerants. The present work has measured property data on key mixtures among the olefins R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-1130(E), R-1132a, R-1132(E), and R1336mzz(Z), together with the HFCs R-152a, R-32, and R-227ea. Measurements were also carried out on pure R-1130(E). Included were vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements, pressure-density-temperature-composition (p, ρ, T, x) data, and speed of sound. This report summarizes the measurements carried out, describes the experimental techniques used, and gives examples of the results. These data were then used to develop models of the thermodynamic properties; these are expressed in terms of "equations of state" (EOS). In addition to the mixture models, EOS are presented for pure R-1130(E) and R-1132a. The main output of the project takes the form of the numerical parameters for the pure-fluid and mixture models, which are reported here and have been made available for use with the NIST REFPROP database of refrigerant properties. Full details of both the experimental and modeling efforts are given in papers published in archival journals, which are linked in the report. The present work has added important new refrigerants and refrigerant blends to the existing data set. As a result, industry is able to evaluate a wider range of options.

Citation

NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) - 8570

Report Number

8570

NIST Pub Series

NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR)

Pub Type

NIST Pubs

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8570

Local Download

Keywords

equation of state, measurements, mixtures, refrigerants, thermodynamic properties

Citation

McLinden, M. , Avery, K. , Bazyleva, A. , Bell, I. , Fortin, T. , Huber, M. , Kazakov, A. , Lemmon, E. , Outcalt, S. , Perkins, R. , Rasmussen, E. , Riccardi, D. and Rowane, A. (2025), Refrigerant Properties Development R&D: Final Report to U.S. Department of Energy on Interagency Agreements 892434-19-S-EE000031 and 892434-23-S-EE000120, NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8570, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=959707 (Accessed October 8, 2025)