NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Practical performance limits on optical frequency transfer over fiber optic links
Published
Author(s)
Paul A. Williams, William C. Swann, Nathan R. Newbury
Abstract
We present theory and experiment quantifying the limitations to stable transport of optical frequencies over optical fiber. These are fundamental fiber noise, propagation delay, bidirectional propagation and system noise in the measurement interferometers.
Proceedings Title
Tech. Dig., Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)
Williams, P.
, Swann, W.
and Newbury, N.
(2008),
Practical performance limits on optical frequency transfer over fiber optic links, Tech. Dig., Conf. on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), San Jose, CA, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=32847
(Accessed October 13, 2025)