Optically Distributing Remote Two-Node Microwave Entanglement Using Doubly Parametric Quantum Transducers

Published

July 6, 2023

Author(s)

Akira Kyle, Curtis Rau, William Warfield, Alexander Kwiatkowski, John Teufel, Konrad Lehnert, Tasshi Dennis

Abstract

Doubly parametric quantum transducers (DPTs), such as electro-optomechanical devices, show promise as quantum interconnects between the optical and microwave domains, thereby enabling long-distance quantum networks between superconducting qubit systems. However, any transducer will inevitably introduce loss and noise that will degrade the performance of a quantum network. We explore how DPTs can be used to construct a network capable of distributing remote two-mode microwave entanglement over an optical link by comparing 14 different network topologies. The 14 topologies we analyze consist of combinations of different transducer operations, entangled resources, and entanglement-swapping measurements. For each topology, we derive a necessary and sufficient analytic threshold on DPT parameters that must be exceeded in order to distribute microwave-microwave entanglement. We find that the thresholds are dependent on the given network topology, along with the available entanglement resources and measurement capabilities. In the high-optical-loss limit, which is relevant to realistic networks, we find that down-conversion of each half of an optical two-mode squeezed vacuum state is the most robust topology. Finally, using currently achievable experimental capabilities, we find the encouraging result that several of these topologies could produce microwave-microwave entanglement. However, most of these topologies cannot work given current transducer performance, which demonstrates the importance of thoroughly analyzing all possible networks.

Citation

Physical Review Applied

Volume

20

Pub Type

Journals

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.014005

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Keywords

Quantum Networks, Optical Communications, Secure Communications, Transduction, Qubit, Entanglement, Superconducting, Quantum Computer

Citation

Kyle, A. , Rau, C. , Warfield, W. , Kwiatkowski, A. , Teufel, J. , Lehnert, K. and Dennis, T. (2023), Optically Distributing Remote Two-Node Microwave Entanglement Using Doubly Parametric Quantum Transducers, Physical Review Applied, [online], https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.014005, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=935687 (Accessed October 21, 2025)