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A key-encapsulation mechanism (KEM) is a set of algorithms that can be used by two parties under certain conditions to securely establish a shared secret key over a public channel. A shared secret key that is established using a KEM can then be used with symmetric-key cryptographic algorithms to perform essential tasks in secure communications, such as encryption and authentication. This document describes the basic definitions, properties, and applications of KEMs. It also provides recommendations for implementing and using KEMs in a secure manner.
Alagic, G.
, Barker, E.
, Chen, L.
, Moody, D.
, Robinson, A.
, Silberg, H.
and Waller, N.
(2025),
NIST Special Publication 800-227, Recommendations for Key-Encapsulation Mechanisms, Special Publication (NIST SP), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-227, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=960583
(Accessed October 8, 2025)